CONCORD BOOKSHOP PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CONCORD BOOKSHOP PAPER - Essay Example pelling change in the organization, followed by a focus on the behavioral aspect of organizational change and finally analyzing the dynamics of motivating employees to alter their behaviors (Spector, 2010). The three phases in the organizational change process are organizational diagnosis through strategic renewal, redesigning the organization, and altering employees’ behavioral aspects. These phases bring about new competencies, skills, and behavior patterns. Organizational diagnosis is critical because it encourages broad based participation, which helps to overcome resistance and defensiveness to the change. During this phase, a mutual agreement is encouraged among the workers regarding the need for change. An organization can enhance strategic renewal by carrying out organizational diagnosis to come up with a road map for identifying its status and desired future. Organizational diagnosis offers future prospects of the effectiveness of an organization (Spector, 2010). The second step in implementing change redesigning the organization by identifying its purpose. If organizational diagnosis creates dissatisfaction with the status quo, the employees should take part in redesigning behavioral patterns to support strategic renewal as well as outstanding performance. It also entails changing the design of the organization in response to the changing dynamics in the organization environment. The third step entails altering the behavioral aspects. Spector defines behavioral change as the alteration of employee behavior to enable the organization to meet its strategy demands while simultaneously attaining and sustaining exceptional performance. Effective strategic renewal thus necessitates behavioral change and this directly targets employees’ actions as well as interactions patterns to meet the company strategy and to achieve and sustain good performance. An organization can enhance behavioral change by adoption of an organizational culture and c hange that is in

Eqyptian Culture Essay Example for Free

Eqyptian Culture Essay Ancient Egypt was a fascinating and complex place. Luckily for historians, Egyptians had made great strides in record keeping which have made studying their culture and society easier than some previous historical eras. Ancient Egyptians were a people who were intensely religious, deeply divided by gender roles and a strong hierarchy, and quite advanced for their period in terms of their technological and economic innovations. Egyptians were deeply religious, and religion played a role in nearly all aspects of their daily lives. When the ancient Egyptians experienced periods of peace and prosperity, they attributed credit for the success to their deities (Slaughter, 5). The Egyptians experienced centuries of remarkable stability and considered this state to be the ma ’at, which was Egyptian for the â€Å"natural order† (Slaughter, 5). Even though they considered good order and balance in their society to be natural, it had to be protected by the pharaoh, who was considered to have been born mortal but imbued with godhood upon receipt of the throne, and was expected to be an earthly presence of the divine (Slaughter, 5). His religious standing gave the pharaoh a unique legal and authoritative position in ancient Egyptian culture. The pharaoh was expected to defend the nation, take responsibility for all administrative duties, declare all of the laws, and own all of the land (Slaughter, 5). For practical reasons, much of the pharaoh’s responsibilities were delegated to a bureaucracy (Slaughter, 5). Within this bureaucracy, staffed mostly by men, success was measured by the degree to which a person promoted order and prosperity within their stewardship (Slaughter, 5-6). Ancient Egypt had a strong social hierarchy, where a small group of the population, mostly the male elders, formed an elite class that that tightly controlled the rest of society (Slaughter, 7). This hierarchy was rooted in a wide variety of economic, political, religious and social causes that imbued those in power with authority in almost all areas of society (Slaughter, 7). The nature of most economic and commercial activity at the time created great â€Å"wealth, power, and opportunities† for elite men, while putting other men and all women in a position of submission to or dependence on the elite (Slaughter, 7). The division of labor that arose based at first on survival needs created societal attitudes about the roles, attributes, and abilities of men and women (Slaughter, 7). Men were the rulers and hard laborers, while women were the family caretakers (Slaughter, 7). The fertility and sexuality of a woman was her main contribution to Egyptian society, and these attributes were celebrated throughout the culture (Slaughter, 7). Women were expected to marry at 12 or 13 years of age, and to bear children often within the first year after marriage (Discussion, Ian Falconer). Although women were usually not part of the religious or political ruling elite, they were highly respected for their fertility, and were given most of the same legal rights as men (Discussion, Keako Crill). In some rare instances, women actually did manage to rise to stations of power and privilege, sometimes as priestesses to a God within the pharaoh’s bureaucracy (Slaughter, 5), and in four instances, including the case of Hatshepsut, women actually became the supreme rulers of the land (Slaughter, 6). Ancient Egyptians achieved an impressive level of manufacturing and commercia l capability for their time, which allowed them to achieve great strength and geopolitical dominance. Egyptians took advantage of many opportunities to learn, such as using the mummification process as a chance to learn about anatomy and medicine (Discussion, Katelyn Dreger). The Egyptians also developed a calendar with the same number of days as ours, though more closely tied to the seasons. Their calendar had three seasons, each consisting of four 30 day months, and an extra five days between harvest and planting that brought the total days in a year to 365 (Discussion, Tad Gale). This system allowed them to know when to plant and harvest based on the seasons of the year and the rise and fall of the water level in the Nile River in order to get maximum utilization of their vital lands. They also managed to develop a forerunner to our modern day beer by either fermenting water with bread crumbled into it, or by actually fermenting barley and wheat in a similar fashion to modern methods (Discussion, Tad Gale.) Their engineering feats were also impressive, and ranged from the technical prowess that showed itself in their massive pyramids, to the mastery of physics involved in developing advanced chariots that ran faster, quieter, and more stable than their counterparts created by their enemies (Discussion, Blair Vanderlugt). The nature of ancient Egyptian society was quite unique for its time period. Egyptian culture was distinct from neighboring nations, and Egyptians had many advantages that gave them an edge politically and commercially.

the tucker automobile :: essays research papers

The 1948 Tucker was dreamt up by Preston Thomas Tucker and designed by Alex Tremulis. This was one of the last attempts made by a small enterprise to break into large volume car production. This car was said to be â€Å"The first new car in 50 years†. Many people felt that a car this great wasn’t possible. The many new innovations in the car were always surrounded by controversy. The car seemed to be doomed, and it was. Much of the appeal of the Tucker was the man behind it. Preston Thomas Tucker was always obsessed with cars, as long as anyone could remember. Tucker was born on September 21, 1903 in Capac, Michigan. He spent his childhood in car repair garages and used car lots. He worked as an office boy at Cadillac, a policeman in Lincoln, Illinois; he even worked at Ford motor company for a while. After he attended Cass Technical School in Detroit, Tucker became a salesman and went to work for Studebaker, then Stutz, Chrysler, and later became regional manager for Pierce-Arrow. During WWII the automotive industry was focused on the war effort. There were no new models of cars produced for over four years, and people needed a new car. Any new car. Tucker thought that the time was right to make his move. He formed the Tucker Corporation for the Production of Automobiles in 1946. Tucker wanted the old Dodge plant in Chicago. Its main building was the largest under one roof. During WWII B29 engines were built in the plant. The War Assets Administration leased him the plant under the understanding that he could have $15 million capital by March of the following year. Tucker moved into the plant in July and started work on his prototype immediately. The corporation needed money desperately and Tucker realized backing from businessmen would cause him to lose almost all control over his company. This was not an option for him so he started brainstorming for ideas, and got one. Franchising. He began selling dealership franchises, and quickly raised $6 million to be held in escrow until the car was delivered. The dealerships seemed suspicious to the SEC. This caused them to put Tucker under investigation. This was the first of many to span the next three years. The franchise agreements were rewritten to satisfy the SEC. Soon after that Tucker experienced his first serious obstacle, Wilson Wyatt. The head of the national housing agency who ordered the WAA to cancel Tucker’s lease and to turn the plant over to the Lustron corporation to build pre-fabricated houses.

David Comparision Essays -- Essays Papers

David Comparision Today, just as Homo erectus did eons ago, modern man strives for expression through art. The evolutionary paths of man and art parallel one another; in that, the complexities, which have accompanied the millenniums, also have brought exponentially progressed forms of art. Sculpture is an art form that maintains a high quality of expression. Two examples of this are the Davids done by Michelangelo and Bernini. Michelangelo’s David and Bernini’s David represent their different time periods and artists while remaining similar. Michelangelo was born in 1475 near Florence. At an early age Michelangelo’s interest in art eclipsed that of his studies, and so he began apprenticing at 13 in lieu of regular school. His time under Lorenzo de Medici was the most influential in his young life; this is where he came in contact with Hellenistic nudes, began with anatomy and embedded his humanitarian views. Michelangelo went to Rome at twenty-one and sculpted the Pieta, which made him famous (Coughlan 85-91). In 1501, in which time, he began the monumental task of carving David from a huge block of marble, Florence was experiencing political turmoil. The central meaning of the piece was to symbolize the greatness of Michelangelo’s proud city. He depicts David before the battle with Goliath as he thought Florence was only just beginning to fight and to remind the people of their duty to defend it (Shaked 1). David is portrayed nude, asymmetrical and in cont...

Live Together before Marriage Essay

Up to 78% of teens nowadays are in relationships. They find out that their relationships start with friendship and further proceed to romance and later lead to sexual intercourse. All of these experiences relate closely to the time they spend living together. Although many think that living together before marriage benefit both parties, I strongly believe that it is unacceptable for young people to live together before marriage due to several reasons. Some people may think that if couples live together, their common interests can be shared. They maintain this kind of thinking because people around them have proven this mindset to be true. However, this does not mean that the same case can be applied to every couple. Most of the teens in this modern age want to have freedom in doing everything; love and relationships are not excluded too. Teens feel that either their boyfriend or girlfriend should deserve to have own privacy. There is always something that either party intends to hide from another, such as family problems etc. By living together, personal secrets might be exposed to his/her lover. Besides, he/she can concentrate doing own things. Without much distraction around, one can be more focused on performing tasks that yield good results. On the other hand, one’s social life is not restricted. For instance, a girlfriend seems reluctant to talk to males around her, as she cares about the feeling of her lover. As a res ult, this debars her from learning valuable experience of adjusting to others. There are many things to be said in favor of teens living together before marriage, the most obvious being that is it undoubtedly gains more understanding between couple. Without the benefits that cohabitation brings, the world would have higher rate of divorce. The aforementioned statement, although literally true, is nevertheless misleading. Couples who live together may have greater chances to discover their partner’s weaknesses. Since they are living in a same room, each of their negative behavior and manner are highly visible by another partner. Consequently, they will be sick of one another one of these days. Because of misunderstanding and intolerance between couple, there may be more arguments and conflicts. Furthermore, relationship with partners may get worse under certain  circumstances. When no one is willing to give in on things which they argue for, this may be considered as a critical situation for both parties. Another argument that put forward by opponents is that relationship of couples who live together lasts longer. As far as relationship is concerned, cohabitation is often beneficial. While it is true to say that the sweet memories they build together result in a more firm relationship, these memories sometimes can also turn out to be nightmares. Firstly, either party may be pressurized to have sex. If one decides to abstain from sex until marriage, yet he/she is regularly pressurized to have sex, he/she may not feel being respected and trusted. Secondly, girls may end up with premarital pregnancy. Studies show that majority of teenagers aged between 15 and 20 who live together with their partners have become pregnant. Pregnancy further leads couples to a lot of complications like abortion and so on. Therefore, their relationship is greatly affected. Lastly, couples may get infected with Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD). STD can cause serious illnesses and long-term effects on both males and females. If one is being infected by STD, he/she will lose faith in their relationship. It seems that the openness of the society encourages cohabitation; parents should play role in influencing their kids and not allowing their kids to cohabit with partners. If something is not going to be done to address this problem, more and more teenagers will be suffering from the consequences that arise from cohabitation. Having said these, the behavior of young people living together before marriage is unacceptable. Bibliography: http://www.greattowait.com/relationships.html

Journals from New America essays

Journals from New America essays My Dear Family: 12 September, 1914 I am writing to tell you I am fine and well and have arrived in the great city of New York. I must tell you that the journey was long and hard. It was a twelve day trip aboard the S.S Patricia and my ticket cost thirty five dollars, but fear not because Aunt Ladka assures me that I will earn much money here in the great city (CD Rom- American Identity Explorer). When we arrived on Ellis Island the statue of liberty held her torch high, almost like she was welcoming us to her land of freedom. I heard a young woman cry out, We have made it! Once we got off the ship we were separated into two lines: one for men and one for women and children. A large man with a stick and a blue uniform instructed us to go in groups of three into the examination room. The doctors there had to make sure we did not bring any sickness to America. I met another young woman on the ship, Hanna, and she told me that when her sister came to the America they did only have men doctors. Not to worry, Pap a, a woman doctor checked me and said I was okay. From there we were told to go to the registry room. It is this great hall filled with many people. There were many American flags on the walls and you could hear many languages. While I sat to wait for Uncle Uri and Aunt Ladka I could see Lady Liberty outside the windows and I felt very anxious. This new world has brought to me much excitement, but I fear all the things I do not know. I hope this letter finds you in happiness and good health. I will write you again soon. O dear Family, 6 November, 1914 I write to tell you that I am fine and well and in good health. I am living with Uncle Uri and Aunt Ladka in their tenement on the East Side of this great city. It is very cramped. I ...

Ethical dilemmas Essays

Ethical dilemmas Essays Ethical dilemmas Essay Ethical dilemmas Essay In this essay I shall begin to justify how an ethical approach to providing support can benefit individuals and use examples to evaluate two potential dilemmas which could be faced by staff involved with the delivery of care in day to day working. When working in a health and social care environment, there are various professionals that are often faced in day to day working of situations to which involve moral dilemmas which means that it is crucially important for each professional to have a clear understanding of morality and what moral decisions are and how they are linked to the practice of health and social care. Not only this, but health and social care professionals also need to have a good understanding of their legal position and the morals and ethics that are a foundation of their professional code of practice which is extremely important in terms of occasions whereby a service user may refuse medical treatment or decides on a course of treatment which may not be beneficial for them in terms of their best interests. When these situations arise, legislation and professional codes of practice must be implemented and used as valuable guidance for the professional to follow as well as numerous other ethical points. For example, when working with vulnerable service users, all health and social care professionals have a duty of care to protect their own rights. If there is a proposed course of action or proposed treatment which could be harmful to a service user then the professional will have to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages for example, a cancer patient who normally are advised to undergo courses of chemotherapy or radiotherapy however this treatment also has harmful side effects, but the benefits of this type of therapy would outweigh the harm caused by the side effects of the treatment and therefore the treatment would normally be undertaken. Health and Social Care providers also have the responsibility to ensure that the environments can safeguard vulnerable adults which includes recruiting new staff and providing resources to ensure that the service users needs are met. Situations can arise however, whereby behaviour or actions of one individual could harm another in the service and this could be an individual with mental health problems who might become violent to someone. If this case does arise then the social care professionals must follow the services policies and procedures and if the behaviour of the individual is likely to result in significant harm to themselves or others then the individual will have to be restrained. These policies and procedures underlined from the mental capacity Act (2005) are guidelines which provide the knowledge for the health and social care professional, relating to the degree of harm which is likely to be suffered by the individual or others if the individual is not restrained. This action is to promote the wellbeing of the individual and others and is known as beneficence to which in medical context means that taking action will serve the best interest of patients to which the professionals have a duty to protect and to act in such ways for each individuals best interests. Another way to which this can be illustrated is through the effectiveness and the cost of treatment whereby the professionals have to weigh up benefits to the loss of the money to which they would be making. The ethical principles however such as independence and rights, empowerment, beneficence, safeguarding, autonomy, dignity, duty, morals and independence all have to be looked at when this decision is being made and all individuals should be fully aware of their rights and should also have equal access to medical treatment. Empowering the individual means that they are ensured that they know enough information to make an informed choice about certain decisions that can affect their quality of life and helps the individual to have control in their lives. Vulnerable people in health and social care services can sometimes rely on professionals to ensure their independence and it is important that these professionals empower the individuals to influence their independence and dont use benevolent oppression to make decisions for individuals in their care. Examples of benevolent oppression include not allowing the individual to have relationships, limiting their alcohol intake, not allowing the individual to have privacy, preventing the individual with disabilities to go out on their own, choosing activities which are acceptable for them and not giving them any choice and not providing recourses which will promote independence and autonomy. Examples of a potential ethical dilemmas which could be faced by an individual includes an individual in a care facility disclosing that they are being abused by one of the care workers and pleads to another care worker to not tell anybody else. However the right of confidentiality conflicts with the right to be protected from harm and therefore the care worker has a dilemma whether to follow through the individuals rights of confidentiality or to report the abuse to protect the individual from harm. In this care the care worker should report the other care worker to not only protect that individual who was subject to abuse but others which may also be being abused yet have not spoken out to anybody. Another example includes religion and cultural beliefs, this could include Jehovahs witnesses who by their religion do not agree with blood transfusions and therefore in situations whereby they are in hospital and require a blood transfusion to survive, the rights and duties of the professional may also conflict with those of the individuals who requires the blood transfusion and a decision will have to be made for the best course of action. In this case although the ethical morals of the professional will need to be understood, the service users religious needs will have to be met and the blood transfusion would not be able to be undertaken unless the individual signs for confirmation or if they are not in the right state at that moment in time that an advocate is there to sign on behalf of their needs. Thirdly two individuals which are living in supported tenancy in the community who have learning disabilities have become close in the last few months and have started hugging and holding hands yet when one of the individuals reveals this to a support worker the support worker begins to get concerned and discusses the situation with their supervisor who then restricted the two individuals outings so that they can no longer be together without telling the individuals. In this case the support worker believes that she is protecting the two individuals however it is evident that that these two individuals are not being allowed their independence and this is affecting both of their quality of lives. This is an example of benevolent oppression and it is evident that the support worker and the professionals working with should be more aware of ethical principles. In this case I believe that the two learning disability individuals should have been spoken to and the matter should have been discussed with them first before any action was implemented. Keeping the individuals out of the loop prevented them from having a say in their care and they were not allowed the independence to choose how they spend their life and who they spend their life with. In conclusion ethical principles are a key part in the delivery of patient care and each service needs to have the appropriate policies and procedures for guidelines on how the professionals should act when ethical dilemmas arise. There are numerous benefits of delivering care in an ethical approach for reasons such as the individuals independence and rights are respected and taken into account, the individual is empowered and therefore feels confident in the fact that they have the power to say what happens in their care and how they live their life. Other reasons include factors such as the individuals dignity will be respected which will rise their self-concept and they wont feel like a waste of space who isnt able to care for themselves and instead will feel respected and cared for.

Monarch Migration

Monarch Migration The phenomenon of monarch migration in North America is well known, and quite extraordinary in the insect world. There are no other insects in the world that migrate twice each year for close to 3,000 miles. Monarchs living east of the Rocky Mountains in North America fly south each fall, gathering in central Mexicos Oyamel fir forest for the winter. Millions of monarchs gather in the this forest area, covering the trees so densely that branches break from their weight. Scientists aren’t sure how the butterflies navigate to a place they have never been. No other population of monarchs migrates this far. The Migrant Generation: The monarch butterflies that emerge from chrysalides in late summer and early fall differ from the previous generations. These migrant butterflies appear the same but behave quite differently. They will not mate or lay eggs. They feed on nectar, and cluster together during the cool evenings to stay warm. Their only purpose is to prepare for and make the flight south successfully. You can see a monarch emerge from its chrysalis in the photo gallery. Environmental factors trigger the migration. Fewer hours of daylight, cooler temperatures, and diminishing food supplies tell the monarchs it is time to move south. In March, the same butterflies that made the journey south will begin the return trip. The migrants fly to the southern U.S., where they mate and lay eggs. Their descendants will continue the migration north. In the northernmost part of the monarchs range, it may be the great grandchildren of the migrants that finish the trip. How Scientists Study Monarch Migration: In 1937, Frederick Urquhart was the first scientist to tag monarch butterflies in a quest to learn about their migration. In the 1950’s, he recruited a handful of volunteers to help in the tagging and monitoring efforts. Monarch tagging and research is now conducted by several universities with the help of thousands of volunteers, including school children and their teachers. The tags used today are small adhesive stickers, each printed with a unique ID number and contact information for the research project. A tag is placed on the butterfly’s hindwing, and does not impede flight. A person who finds a tagged monarch can report the date and location of the sighting to the researcher. The data collected from each season’s tags provides scientists with information about the migration path and timing. In 1975, Frederick Urquhart is also credited with finding the monarch’s wintering grounds in Mexico, which were unknown until that time. The site was actually discovered by Ken Brugger, a naturalist volunteering to help with the research. Read more about Urquhart and his lifelong study of monarchs. Energy-Saving Strategies: Remarkably, scientists discovered that migrating butterflies actually gain weight during their long journey. They store fat in their abdomens, and use air currents to glide as much as possible. These energy-saving strategies, together with feeding on nectar throughout the trip, help the migrants survive the arduous travel. The Day of the Dead: The monarchs arrive at their Mexico wintering grounds en masse in the final days of October. Their arrival coincides with el Dia de los Muertos, or the Day of the Dead, a Mexican traditional holiday that honors the deceased. The indigenous people of Mexico believe the butterflies are the returning souls of children and warriors. Sources: Monarch WatchLongest Regularly Repeated Migration, University of Florida

Chapter 29 to chapter 32 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chapter 29 to chapter 32 - Coursework Example This implies that the ancient artwork of the African world is known to the contemporary world through monuments of the artwork. These monuments have been preserved throughout generations for the purpose of shedding light on the daily lives of the ancient Africans and for the general purpose of preserving important historical aspects. The art forms are also known through masquerades and museums where masks and other artworks are preserved and used in performances to convey important information concerning the community. The Rococo art style was first discovered in France in the 18th century. It was a continuation of a previous art style known as Baroque style. Rococo focused on the indulgence and lavishness existing in aristocracy. In contrast to other styles such as Baroque, Rococo was mostly characterized through opulence, lightness, playfulness and grace themes. It mostly focused on lighthearted form of romance instead of other aspects that included religion, and heroic battles that were common in artistry. In addition, the Rococo style revolved heavily around exterior settings and nature. This art style also reflected the society’s tendencies and its name was derived from two different terms that included Rocaille and coquille that meant rock and shell respectively. The other features of the Rococo style include elaborate scrolls and curves, ornaments with a shape similar to plants and shells, intricate patterns complex shapes, and delicate details. The paintings associated with the Roco co style were characterized with recognizable as well as overt erotic themes. Despite being different from other art forms such as Baroque, it still maintained their tastes with regard to intricate patterns and complex forms. Moreover, it was also characterized with asymmetric compositions as well as oriental designs. Realism and Impressionism were both commonly known artistry methods and that were

Are People Better Informed in the Information Society Essay

Are People Better Informed in the Information Society - Essay Example The deliberate and non-deliberate participation in the interpretation and spread of information is one attribute that makes our society an informed society. People have not just the liberty to access all types of information, but also to spread it once acquired. Being in an information society, therefore, gives one an opportunity to access information. According to Nardi et al. (1999), the quest for information, which is tightly associated with human curiosity, is the basis and foundation of informational security. When a piece of information is concealed, it raises interest, and the search for it intensifies. This is in comparison to open information that often appears unworthy and less enticing. In an era when the society has all the tools necessary to access valuable and interesting information, people get more informed. Regarding this issue, I would also assume the position taken by Linda Jackson. The accessibility to sources of information has improved not only the peoples confident in sharing information but also increases the learners’ ability to synthesize and interpret information. For instance, a classroom setting may not have all the necessary material and illustrations to drive home a point in for all the students. However, when much more of the illustrations are available on the Internet, the informational gap is bridged. It is agreeable that with increased rational use of the internet, people become relatively better informed. In addition, the more the people get informed, the more they enrich themselves as sources of information to others. A real example, in this case, is a teacher who reads widely on his topic before sharing with the students. The teacher has access to the information from the wider network, enrich their ‘stores’ of information and become a source for the students. One significant attributed benefit of technology is increasing the access to information.  

Older Population as a Vulnerable Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Older Population as a Vulnerable Group - Essay Example The research paper â€Å"Older Population as a Vulnerable Group† investigates the difficulties faced by older adults, who belong to the vulnerable group mainly because of their limited physical mobility, cognitive impairment, and weakened social networks. The explosive technological developments in the field of medicine over the last few decades have significantly improved health status of people, particularly in economically developed countries like the U.S and the UK. Those developments and innovations were capable of increasing the life expectancy of people, and this situation in turn resulted in a phenomenon called population ageing. The older population is a vulnerable group, and this group’s vulnerability is a combination of three factors like health status, cognitive ability, and social support. Older people are likely to be affected by issues like loneliness, stress, and depression. Therefore, they are increasingly exposed to deception and fraud. Population agei ng is a process where a country’s median age rises due to increasing life expectancy and/or decreasing birth rates. In economically developed countries like the UK and the U.S, rising life expectancy is the major cause leading to population ageing. Recently, even less economically developed countries have also improved their life expectancy and significantly contribute population ageing. Growing life expectancy is the prime cause of population ageing in the world except in 18 countries which are ‘demographic outliers’ according to the United Nations.... The Department of Health indicates that an individual over 85 is approximately three times more expensive to health care as compared to a person between the ages of 65 and 75 ("More than 10 million people..†). Although the UK government has framed extensive mechanisms to ensure rapid and quality care for the older population, the needs of a notable percent of aging people still go unnoticed. Causes of vulnerability The fast growth of the older population raises great challenges to the wellbeing of the old age people because they are exposed to various vulnerabilities. It is identified that older population is increasingly prone to vulnerabilities like exploitation, abuse, and negligence by others. Referring to the words of Kim and Geistfeld, older population constitutes a vulnerable group and they are â€Å"more susceptible to unscrupulous business practices than younger groups† ("What makes older adults vulnerable...). The authors continue that the older population ofte n becomes the target group for fraud because one can easily convince them. Scholars indicate that older individuals’ loneliness increases their vulnerability to fraudulent business transactions to a considerable extent. Psychological practitioners suggest that old age people are greatly in need of social interactions, and this is the reason why older consumers could be easily convinced by telemarketers. Majority of the older people have little market knowledge, and this weakness increases their susceptibility to fraud. It is awful to see that many of the old age people are not aware of the risk of losing ownership once payments are not made in time. Furthermore, they do not know whom they should contact in case

Joseph Beuys Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Joseph Beuys - Essay Example The paper "Joseph Beuys" concerns the German conceptual artist. When all classroom subjects are interlinked with the art and design curriculum, it helps students to become succesful learners in all the disciplines. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how art and design is not restricted to the art room, all subjects in the curriculum involve some aspect of creativity, and why this is important. In secondary school education, art and design offers pupils the opportunity to develop their creativity by using a range of skills in a wide variety of contexts. Pupils are able to communicate and to express their ideas and feelings in various forms such as making working models for science projects, enacting history through drama or dance, expressing creative literary work or poetry through information and communication technology, music and art, and other innovative outlets. Through exploring and sharing these ideas, pupils develop confidence and independence in learning. This is essen tial to becoming a successful learner who enjoys learning, makes progress and achieves higher learning outcomes. The importance of creativity and cultural development through the curriculum is supported by Report. Pupils’ experience of new technologies helps them to develop the skills to investigate alternative ways of working. Students learn to value the learning process as a key part of the creative experience. They are enabled to understand their own and other cultures and possibilites to change things for the better.

The Global Context of HRM and HRD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

The Global Context of HRM and HRD - Essay Example The author of the essay "The Global Context of HRM and HRD" thinks that prior to the advent and imposition of globalization, national economies exercised a number of protectionist strategies designed to ensure that their industries, especially infant ones, and goods had the space within which to grow and develop. These protectionist strategies effectively ensured that locally manufactured goods maintained a competitive edge in the domestic market. Globalization, however, eliminated protectionism as a strategy for the protection of domestic industries and formulated and implemented a set of policies which effectively removed all artificial barriers to free trade. In conclusion the author says that from a research standpoint, since countries vary in size, studying effects at the trade bloc level inherently controls for the differing effects a larger country may have on the region as opposed to a smaller one. While it is recognized that trading blocs are also not homogenous, studies utilizing the trading bloc segmentation criteria are justified because of the observation of imperfect globalization and because trading blocs present a clearly visible view of country groupings. One major source of research difficulty when it comes to trading blocs is that they are generally fluid organizations, created with the explicit purpose of promoting free trade. What begins as free trade within member nations of a trading bloc may well, in the future, be expanded to non-member nations or - in fact - other trading blocs.

Joseph Beuys Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Joseph Beuys - Essay Example The paper "Joseph Beuys" concerns the German conceptual artist. When all classroom subjects are interlinked with the art and design curriculum, it helps students to become succesful learners in all the disciplines. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how art and design is not restricted to the art room, all subjects in the curriculum involve some aspect of creativity, and why this is important. In secondary school education, art and design offers pupils the opportunity to develop their creativity by using a range of skills in a wide variety of contexts. Pupils are able to communicate and to express their ideas and feelings in various forms such as making working models for science projects, enacting history through drama or dance, expressing creative literary work or poetry through information and communication technology, music and art, and other innovative outlets. Through exploring and sharing these ideas, pupils develop confidence and independence in learning. This is essen tial to becoming a successful learner who enjoys learning, makes progress and achieves higher learning outcomes. The importance of creativity and cultural development through the curriculum is supported by Report. Pupils’ experience of new technologies helps them to develop the skills to investigate alternative ways of working. Students learn to value the learning process as a key part of the creative experience. They are enabled to understand their own and other cultures and possibilites to change things for the better.

Creating a Memo and Annotated Bibliography for a research topic Paper

Creating a Memo and Annotated Bibliography for a topic - Research Paper Example There are both benefits and drawbacks to working at home. First of all, let us list some benefits. There is no commute, individuals can spend more time with family and friends, schedules tend to be more flexible allowing employees to do things such as run errands and go to doctor appointments on a much easier basis, the pay is often higher, one does not have to dress up to go to work, the work can often be completed in a fraction of the time with the same or more amount of pay, and employees can often take breaks at their leisure. However, there are some drawbacks to working at home. First of all, it can be harmful socially. A person may have a hard time making friends, networking, or become easily bored working and living in the same location. Oftentimes, working at home means buying extra equipment that will need to be used during the course of employment. It is often hard to distinguish your superiors from your co-workers and communication throughout the company may be hindered. P aydays and other appointments tend to be less reliable. Important dates and appointments may be put at risk because of communication problems and the lack of knowing who to go to for what. A person can find him- or herself working all hours of the day and night because of the much-needed breaks, and there is a lack of personal relationships and contacts. Perhaps worse of all, there are many â€Å"employers† out there who set up scams to recruit at-home workers and end up ripping them off. The main point here is that you have to know what to look for. There are legitimate sites out there dedicated to sifting through all of the work-at-home â€Å"job offers† and only pulling back the ones that they, in their best opinion, feel to be legitimate. Two good sources for these are www.wahm.com and www.craigslist.com. Both of these sites tend to list legitimate sources of work-at-home employment rather than scams. You still have to be careful, though.

Reservation System Essay Example for Free

Reservation System Essay I. Introduction A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms and air conditioning or climate control. The cost and quality of hotels are usually indicative of the range and type of services available. As one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy of our time, the hotel industry alone is a multi-billion pesos and growing enterprise. It is exciting, never boring and offer unlimited opportunities. The hotel industry is diverse enough for people to work in different areas of interest and still be employed within the hotel industry. But the sad things, small hotels still using a manual reservation system and they don’t have a system that can minimize their jobs like a automated database system. Even the government staff houses like NEDA staff house have the budget but still using a manual system like log books. The main targets of this study are for the employees of NEDA STAFF HOUSE. This study aim to benefit the subject of our study, it will minimize their work and can have a security for their respective files. This study will also help the proponents to enhance their knowledge in programming such as Microsoft office application as well as teamwork throughout the study. Interaction and individual stimulation have always been linked to the technological availability of the time and place. With the transition to an information-based society, computers and transactions have evolved from manual transaction. One of the solutions or alternatives to the problems that a hotel is facing, a system was being developed which can edit, delete, filter, monitor and store and secured the records of the customers. The propose system will help the staff house to decrease the work of the building administrator because they will be using a less effort like this automated system for their reservation. II. Background of the study The NEDA staff house started in 1970 so there employees from far provinces around the Philippines have a stopover in manila in case they have an appointment. Instead of accommodating in an expensive hotel, the staff house can give the same services but has a very low rate of overnight stay. For only P80 per night the staff house has a comfortable rooms and facilities that the NEDA employees can use throughout their stay. By calling the Building Administrator 5 days before they will check in and verify the reservation 2 days before check in, they can have a peaceful overnight stay at the staff house. NEDA staff house accommodating over 13 regions of NEDA Government offices all over the Philippines. Before, the staff house has 20 staff from the main office of NEDA. They were residing at the staff house to have a temporary office. But nowadays new offices of NEDA established all over the metro manila like their main office at the Pasay city so the NEDA staff house needed only 4 employees (Building administrator, 2 Security Guards, 1 Janitor). As of now the NEDA staff house is still running and accepting accommodations from there other offices aroung the Philippines. III. Statement of the problem General problem. The main problem of this study is the inaccurate reservation of the customers/NEDA Employees. Specific Problems: The specific problems are the following: 1. Low in security for file storage 2. Time monitoring are consuming 3. Less data integrity 4. Difficulty in searching and retrieving files 5. Possible loss of records and retrieving files 6. Difficulty in finding the availability of rooms IV. Objective of the study General Objective. The study aims to solve the problem encountered and to change the manual reservation system. Using the proponent’s reservation system, it will lessen the work of the Building Administrator work. It will be organize to have an automated reservation system. Specific Objective. The specific objectives are as follows: 1. To increase the security between the management and staff. 2. To lessen time consume. 3. To highly integrate data. 4. To spend less time in searching and retrieving of files. 5. To create a back up of files in every successful transaction. 6. To become make easier to find the availability rooms. V. Significance of the study This study will show how important is the automated reservation system than a manual system. It will benefit the following: Management It will help the management a lot by organizing the files properly in a small storage like a computer than a storage that is not so well secure like a storage room. They will have a report data that is easy to manage. Building Administrator The Building Administrator will benefit a lot in this project because she can manage the files by not using too much effort using a manual system. The administrator can also create a backup if something turns out wrong on the system. She can also easily update the wrong information of the customers/government employee reservation info. Security Guards The Security guards will benefit to the project because they will not need the help of the Building Administrator in case that she’s not around. They can easily access the automated reservation system because they have the authority to use the system by entering their username passwords. Other Lodging businesses This study can also help other small lodging businesses such as motels, apartelle lodging, etc to their study about automated reservation system and made them realize how important the automated reservation system in their businesses. By this research, they will know the significance of this study to their business. Future researchers It will also benefit the future researcher or students in NCBA which is taking the course of BSIS. This project gives an idea on their research about reservation system. VI. Scope and Limitations This study is conducted to know the reason behind the proponents on how will their purposed systems will help the staff house management. The Proposed System is a Reservation System that is compatible in the NEDA staff house. Because they accommodating their employees from around the Philippines, they do not have a database system that records the reservation of the employees only a log book record. This study mainly focused on providing application using computerized system that enables businesses to track services and aims to provide accurate and reliable process on every transaction especially in reservation. This study is looked into a better impact of using technology  today on how it affects our daily lives especially for being the customer. With this studies it can help our beneficiaries to know the differences of using manual system to a computerized generation today, prioritize is to prove and to give them the right information. The limitation of the system has no inventory of item used of the customer/government employees that have a reservation in the staff house. The customer cannot process a reservation online because only the Building administrator and the security guard duty on that time can access the system so they can manage some confidential files.

Balancing Productivity and Quality Patient Care

Balancing Productivity and Quality Patient Care Balancing Productivity and Quality Patient Care Abstract The purpose of this examination is to identify challenges balancing productivity and quality patient care as it stands from a supervisory position. Today’s supervisors must not only focus on their staff and patients, but also on the organizational business aspects such as increasing productivity and quality patient care. Supervisors are getting sandwiched between balancing productivity and quality care. In this somewhat daunting quandary the supervisors must strive to find ways to accomplish both missions. As I will propose this will require communication changes in organizational health care systems and a paradigm shift in current ideologies in the health care industry. Let’s start off in my own backyard so to speak, my organization is a Nursing and Rehabilitation hospital. The Mission statement is, â€Å"Come Here, Get Well, and Go Home†. This is a 213 bed facility. There are approximately 135 employees throughout the organization working on any given day. The organization specializes in sub-acute care, long-term care and has a rehabilitation unit. Also the organization has physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy components to support patient’s recovery. All of these people in organization eventually may have some contact with a new patient at different times in the recovery process. It is obvious from a macro-perspective it would be difficult to realize any improvements in productivity or patient care without solid supervisory skills and knowledge. Nursing is my focus and professional occupation in which I will narrow the field to nursing for this examination. As a nursing supervisor one has to continually be knowledgeable to accomplish both goals of productivity and quality patient care. Their responsibilities include planning, organizing and overseeing staff. Nurse supervisors provided leadership two staffs under their charge. The nurse supervisor implements and interprets organizational policies and procedures maintaining nursing standards and regulations. They also continually evaluate patient care and ensuring their satisfaction. A nursing supervisor skills also include budgeting, prioritizing duties and delegating responsibilities. Some of the obstacles that impede the ability of nursing supervisors out of their control is rising healthcare expenditures have motivated spending reforms such as Medicares payment system. While such initiatives aim to limit wasteful healthcare expenses, they may inadvertently result in lower-quality care: providers may face an incentive to reduce the quality of their treatments to minimize costs and increase patient loads. (McDevitt, 2013) Unfortunately this is not the only pressure in which health care organizations have to do more with less. Supplies, operating costs, state and national legislation has placed a huge strain on the healthcare system at large. In the past nursing productivity has been the defined as the ratio of patient care per hour, per patient to salary and benefit costs paid out to staff by the organization. (Kohr, 2012) In the current economy this does not take into consideration the level of expertise in which nurses must process information to accomplish the goals of increased productivity and patient care. After all of that is said: Nursing productivity models of any kind should take into account patients’ needs, nursing competencies, the availability of material resources, and services provided. Nursing workload is a direct reflection of these variables and affects the delivery of patient care, patient safety, as well as satisfaction of nurses and of patients and their family members. Many investigators have linked nursing staff indicators and nurse staffing with patients’ outcomes (Kohr, 2012) The problems of balancing productivity with quality patients care are reducing costs and employee hours for the sake of protecting the bottom line is that really â€Å"protecting the patient?.† Yet that statement has clearly infiltrated and grayed the area between professional ethical, moral boundaries. In attempts at optimizing for efficiency are we as supervisors ultimately must manage both dichotomies. Managing these dichotomies is seemingly overwhelming at first glance. This is what I mean by the proverbial sandwich effect, the danger here is being so overwhelmed that you are paralyzed into doing nothing. I contend that productivity and quality patient care are not at odds with one another: they are both vital to the success of any healthcare organization. The essence of productivity vs. quality patient care dilemma is this: Productivity is visible, continuous, readily-understood and directly measured: a daily metric. On the other hand, quality patient care is invisible, boring, discontinuous, indirect, and its success is measured by the absence of negative outcomes. (Appel, 2012) Now that’s somewhat of a quandary. Almost in the same breath organizations are willing to state quality patient care is our core principle. The problem, however, is turning that vision into action: it is in the daily operations (Appel, 2012) and responsibility functions of the nurse supervisor, this is where the rubber meets the road. Nurse supervisors are critical to the surveillance and coordination that reduce such adverse outcomes. Much work remains to be done in evaluating the impact of nursing care on positive quality care indicators, such as appropriate self-care and other measures of improved health status. (Mitchell, 2008) Nurse supervisors must instill in the people that they manage to continually gather information that can be correlated into data to finding that balance between productivity and quality patient care. Whether it be quantitative or qualitative data all must be brought together to facilitate to make informed decision for possible change. Harnessing this information could unlock knowledge that may elicit innovations striking that balance between productivity and quality patient care. Leave no stone unturned, is the mantra of nurse supervisors in today’s tough economic and social times. How do we start? Communication, communication, communication is essential to establish any opportunity to balance a seemingly diametrically opposed processes. They can be integrated (productivity and quality patient care) to provide success for the organization and the patient. Tighter reins of communication and functions must be streamlined for optimal performance. Nurse supervisors can trigger a needs analysis of the situation informing the employees and organization that there is a performance gap between productivity and quality patient care. This brings in the team concept of the organization as a whole (everyone’s job) needs to be the spearhead, focal point for systematic change and concern with both issues of productivity and quality patient care. A decision-making structures is needed, a paradigm shift. What is a paradigm shift? Stephen Covey suggests that a paradigm shift is what we might call the AHA ! experience when someone finally sees the composite picture in another way or finally sees the light. (Covey, 2004) The health care industry has been moving â€Å"paradigm shift toward placing more value on quality and outcomes. This affect has changed in the way health care organizations do business. Higher quality can be the solution, said Dr. Michael Ogden, chief clinical integration officer with Cornerstone Health Care during the discussion at High Point University. In health care specifically, higher quality could actually lead to lower costs. (Covington, 2014) As a nurse supervisor myself this sounds good but how do we get there? Some employers and health plans are pushing for greater price transparency. They argue that if consumers realized that they could receive high-quality services from lower-cost providers, they would seek them out. This, in turn, could encourage competition among providers based on the value of care not just on reputation and market share. (Unknown, 2012) Another aspect would be to empower the patients to be active participants making decisions about their own care. Empowerment of the patient also means to include them as a part of the health care team which may stimulate opportunities and innovation. As a nurse supervisors some of these ideas are not new, I however assert that nurse supervisors must educate themselves to perform their managerial duties at high levels, not only will the organization benefit, but so too will the patients. Nurse supervisors will need considerable intestinal fortitude to sustain balancing productivity and quality patient care. A nurse supervisor of the future will have to be multi-dimensional with traits like leadership and persuasion skills. Nurse supervisors must show empathy, creating trust with coworkers and patients. They must also have analysis skills, to be able to make fact-based decisions. Last but not least, a nurse supervisor must have performance management and coaching skills to follow through on goals and objectives. Finally, I concludes this examination by making a statement that balancing productivity and quality patient care will always be challenging. References Appel, M. (2012, April 20). KevinMD. Retrieved from The problem of mixing productivity with patient safety: http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2012/04/problem-mixing-productivity-patient-safety.html Covey, S. R. (2004). The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change. New York : Free Press a division of Simon and Schuster. Covington, O. (2014, March 21st). Health care providers tout paradigm shift as path to reining in costs. Triad Business Journal. Kohr, L. M. (2012, November Volume 21, No 6). American Journal of Critical Care. Retrieved from Building a Nurse and Productivity Measure Based on this Energy Model: http://www.aacn.org/wd/Cetests/media/A1221063.pdf McDevitt, P. L. (2013, February). Productivity and Quality in Health Care:Evidence from the Dialysis Industry. Retrieved from http://www.econ.psu.edu/~plg15/gm_dialysis_Feb2013.pdf. Mitchell, P. H. (2008). Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Rockville, Md: Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. Unknown. (2012, April/May). The Commonwealth fund. Retrieved from Quality Matters: http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Newsletters/Quality-Matters/2012/April-May/In-Focus.aspx

Essay --

Arsons Through Vandalism Arson is the malicious and intentional setting of fire to a building, house, business, forest, vehicles, and other properties. This type of arson motivated by vandalism is common to many juvenile offenders between 10-14 years of age (Radell Smith, Jan 26, 2010, Yahoo Voices), usually as a result of peer pressure or some type of gang initiation. Most type of arsonists don't typically live very far from where they commit their crimes. Commonly, they know the area really well where arson has been committed. It was said that 30 percent of arsonist can be found living half a mile to a mile from the crime scene of arson, 21 percent live within a five-block radius, and the rest of majority of arson fires are committed by someone living within a two-mile radius of the fire (Smith, 2010). Most of these offenders would flee the scene immediately after setting the target on fire, some would return to the scene of crime but safely keeping their distance to avoid recognition. (Welkman, n.d.) Arson has one of the highest rates of juvenile involvement and is a serious public safety problem, therefore juvenile fire setter became as a major problem in the field of arson because of peer pressures or as a part of initiating a member to the gang (Robertson, 2010). According to Peggy Little (n.d.), there are more arsons in the United States than any other country in the world, and the 1995 Federal Bureau of Investigation statistics showed that juveniles are accounted for 52 percent of the arson arrests. Most common juvenile arsonists comes from a severely disturbed home environment with one or no biological parents, with poor school work performance, has poor relationships with peers and the inabili... ...government agencies. Neighborhoods can reduce the likelihood of arson through awareness. Neighbors must always be on a lookout for anything that is suspicious in their neighborhood, and make reports to proper authorities of detailed physical descriptions of any suspicious people in or around their facility. Neighbors must know each other and be willing to look out for each other. Put the neighbor back into neighborhood by creating a sense of cooperation. Neighborhood Watch can play an important role in deterring future crimes such as arson or burglary. Building a strong and good relationship among government agencies like local fire department, emergency personnel, and law enforcement could be beneficial for the community in reducing arson. By making building safe and secure through these principles, society can help deter vandalism and arson.

The Canterbury Essay -- Canterbury Tales Literature Essays

The Canterbury The Canterbury Tales begins with the introduction of each of the pilgrims making their journey to Canterbury to the shrine of Thomas a Becket. These pilgrims include a Knight, his son the Squire, the Knight's Yeoman, a Prioress, a Second Nun, a Monk, a Friar, a Merchant, a Clerk, a Man of Law, a Franklin, a Weaver, a Dyer, a Carpenter, a Tapestry-Maker, a Haberdasher, a Cook, a Shipman, a Physician, a Parson, a Miller, a Manciple, a Reeve, a Summoner, a Pardoner, the Wife of Bath, and Chaucer himself. These travelers, who stop at the Tabard Inn, decide to tell stories to pass their time on the way to Canterbury. The Host of the Tabard Inn sets the rules for the tales. Each of the pilgrims will tell two stories on the way to Canterbury, and two stories on the return trip. The Host will decide the best of the tales. They decide to draw lots to see who will tell the first tale, and the Knight receives the honor. The Knight's Tale is a tale about two knights, Arcite and Palamon, who are captured in battle and imprisoned in Athens under the order of King Theseus. While imprisoned in a tower, both see Emelye, the sister of Queen Hippolyta, and fall instantly in love with her. Both knights eventually leave prison separately: a friend of Arcite begs Theseus to release him, while Palamon later escapes. Arcite returns to the Athenian court disguised as a servant, and when Palamon escapes he suddenly finds Arcite. They fight over Emelye, but their fight is stopped when Theseus finds them. Theseus sets the rules for a duel between the two knights for Emelye's affection, and each raise an army for a battle a year from that date. Before the battle, Arcite prays to Mars for victory in battle, Emelye prays to Diana that ... ...ld speak the language of humans and could sing beautiful. When the white crow learns that Phoebus' wife was unfaithful, Phoebus plucks him and curses the crow. According to the Manciple, this explains why crows are black and can only sing in an unpleasant tone. The Parson tells the final tale. The Parson's Tale is not a narrative tale at all, however, but rather an extended sermon on the nature of sin and the three parts necessary for forgiveness: contrition, confession, and satisfaction. The tale gives examples of the seven deadly sins and explains them, and also details what is necessary for redemption. Chaucer ends the tales with a retraction, asking those who were offended by the tales to blame his rough manner and lack of education, for his intentions were not immoral, while asking those who found something redeemable in the tales to give credit to Christ.

Employee led innovation

Nevertheless, thanks for our work on mistakes we started to see obvious the inns today; we can ;t be successful when only one leader is thinking but we can look at the robber from different perspectives and find an appropriate solution when we are discussing it collaboratively. Therefore, the contribution of everyone is essential. Personally, I think that if employees would get enough right to tell their positions and to present new ideas, big corporations could achieve better goals in the end.In my country- Astrakhan and specifically in the regions of post-Soviet countries as Russia, Ukraine or Beleaguers employees are not treated as intellectual people and because of that fact, we have a big coordination among working and ruling class. That problem among employee and employer led to the ineffective work of whole company s workers. Good example of using the idea of employee led innovation is the system of Google workers. They are provided with freedom of action and do not restricted in their workplace.The main aim of Google Corporation is to provide comfortable conditions for their workers, so they II be able to use their time properly and the work will be effective. The good side of providing such workplace for employees is that they have a freedom and by appropriate time-management, they are able to work effectively on their big projects, and also they are open to new ideas, which can be presented to administration, thanks for what Google looks at the problems from different perspectives fixing every mistake in their search tool, finding the right way to increase audience etc.Furthermore, employees work directly with product and method of its production. It can be different product: informational, engineer or just simple production of food. Administration and leaders look only at result, which was achieved by the company, but they are not well informed about how the company is working inside and what problems does it have. Important thing to mention here is that leader only knows facts that was presented to him and even if he has some information about overspending on production, he could ;t look at that problem as professional as employee, who actually works on production of those products.In this case, leaders should to work as filters, choosing the best solution and employees should to present problem and show the solution as they are more informed and experienced in this field. In other hand, cultural intent should be mentioned as it plays a major role on how employee works. Referring to my country, we have strict rules at most of governmental and business workplaces, because from the times of the Soviet Union population of Astrakhan were used to make their best only when failure led to punishment of the worker.Even living in democratic country, direct and fast reconstruction to employee led innovation is not possible as it leads to problems of workers as laziness and procrastination. That s the reason why most of national and priv ate companies still don t give full freedom of action ND speech to employees, because before we need to have a good base and experience in this field.Overall, employee led innovation is becoming popular in nowadays as companies see the profit from that system of working. It provides workers with more critical and analytical thinking participating in company's life and giving a chance to improve the sphere, where they are good. However, before the start of process employers should to prepare their workers mentally, so they ‘II be able to work using that system with maximum effectiveness and profit.

The Constellation Orion

Orion has been recognized as distinct group of stars for thousands of years. The Chaldeans knew it as Tammuz, named after the month that the familiar belt of stars first rose before sunrise. The Syrians called it Al Jabbar, the Giant. To the ancient Egyptians it was Sahu, the soul of Osiris. However in Greek mythology, Orion was a beautiful giant hunter. There are many legends about Orion and several variations about his death and why he was placed in the stars.One story tells of his boast that he would eventually rid the earth of all its wild animals. When the Earth goddess Gea heard of this she became upset and sent a Giant Scorpion to sting him to death. Now even after death that scorpion chases him around the sky. If you notice scorpio and Orion are never in the sky together. Another story says that Artemis the goddess of hunting fell in love with Orion. And when Orion was swimming Artemis was speaking to her brother Apollo.He bet her that she could not shoot a dot on the distanc e. She hit the target right on but had been tricked. She had shoot Orion. She put her love, Orion in the sky. And yet another tells how Orion raped Artemis. And she took her revenge upon him, when she shot him. Now seeing as there are several variations of his death you would have to choose which one you like best and go with it. There are two stars that are well know in the constalation of Orion. The first one is know as Betelgeuse, also called Alpha Orinis.It is one of the brightest stars in the constelation of Orion. It is an irregular because it changes brightness and size but has no regular periods of veration. It is classified as a red supergiant and it is 600 times the size of the sun. The other star to be Mentioned is Rigel also known as Beta Orionis. It is the Brightest star in the constelation and the seventh brightest star in the heavens. The Location of both stars can be seen on the picture of Orion.

Conflicts in Measuring Progress - Megacity in Asia (Seoul) Essay

Conflicts in Measuring Progress - Megacity in Asia (Seoul) - Essay Example The city’s rapid expansion and transformation comes with challenges in addition to the positive impacts. It is therefore worthwhile to explore impacts of urbanization in the city of Seoul considering issues of sustainability, effects to the environment, housing, transport systems and the overall quality of life. Though it was originally a phenomenon of cities from the west, urbanization has invaded even cities in Asia. According to (Clark, 2003), the world society is fast become urban in characteristic and this can now be applied to Seoul. As a result of an explosion in population, Seoul’s urbanization impacts are unique as compared to has been observed elsewhere such as in America and Europe. The periods from 1960 through the 1970s have seen South Korea grow at a rate of 10% economically. Per capita income was $76 in the year 1970 and has grown to more than $19,000 in just forty years; overall GDP is close to $ one trillion. Being the country’s biggest city and trade hub, the population of Seoul has increased by more than 500% since the year 1960; rural urban migration especially to Seoul has been on the rise. Though it sits on just 0.61% of South Korea’s total area, 84% of institutions and agencies of government, 88% of the country’s biggest companies and 75% o f major universities are hosted by Seoul. An excess of 65% in terms of financial/bank transactions are done in this city (Jeon, 2005 P.5). There is no other city across the globe taking an economic burden matching that of Seoul. Only 20sq.m of residential space is available per individual at the moment, this is extremely low as compared to other developed cities like New York, London and Paris. Tokyo has 55sq.m per person even though is considered highly populated. Basing on square kilometers, Seoul’s is 23,908 which is denser than Tokyo’s 7,099 persons. On the Gini index of income inequality Seoul scores 0.36,

PERSONAL STATEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PERSONAL STATEMENT - Essay Example As a citizen of United Kingdom, I wanted to deliver all of my faculty to the safety of the country. This is the sole reason why I educated myself in criminology . I have seen in many neighbor hoods of UK, people are killed and plundered and they are less helpful about this. I always have pondered why crime occurs and what the real reason behind it is. For understanding that, I have questioned my dad and he told me it is mainly illiteracy and ignorance triggers crime. But in my mind ,I was assuring that some people are born with criminal instincts. But these people are a small percentage and the real criminal gangs are conditioned by the society. This inquisitive nature of mine led to the research of crime and the working of criminal minds .In my youth I used to go to the library and pick up books which elaborated about crime .Then I found that I had an unquenchable thirst within myself to know everything about crime and criminal acts. Graduall, I understood that drug abuse is also a primary reason for the increase of crime in the country. It is not only the men who are indulged in crime but even the women are indulging in it. By research and reading , I acknowledged that ,illiteracy and ignorance of family can detoriate the infrastructure of a well bred society. The crime based statistics showed that, the crime occurs more in the black and Hispanic neighborhood. And it is a known fact that people of these regions are illiterate from generations. One day for my experience I visited the black and Hispanic neighbor hoods to acknowledge the information I had was true. . After my undergraduate studies, I discussed with my mother and father about my urge to join Bachelors in criminology. My father was amazed knowing my excitement towards learning criminology. For this very same reason, I underwent an evaluation and assessment of the aftermath of criminology study. I really had to plan my future based on this studies. I was always keen on providing social service to m y society and I believed that graduation in criminology would definitely confer to my mission. It is when I studied criminology I realized that world needs more from me. It is around the second year of criminology graduation, I thought about joining master in International relation. I understand that international relation will take me to the position which I always wanted to hold. I always wanted to hold a position where I can use my skills and knowledge to eradicator drug abuse, illiteracy and poverty from my country and the world. During my study of International relations, I can acquire knowledge about the role of government in the progression of a nation and world as a whole. In my criminology study I learned that the role of government in upgrading the status of the society is crucial. My ambition is to get employed in an International body like WHO or UNICEF where I can analyze the intricate elements which provoke crime and violence in a society. I believe that my graduation in criminology will allow me to acknowledge that crime is a man made affair and it is the duty of every man to wipe out this hellish attitude from the face of earth. With masters in international relation, I can study the foreign policy agenda of the country and also regulate non –

Evaluating a Website of Mayo Clinic for Credibility Coursework

Evaluating a Website of Mayo Clinic for Credibility - Coursework Example Further, it is known for its collaborative strategy by either lending its research department to other specialists from different countries. Outside of the research and collaboration with other institutions, Mayo Clinic also allots 40 percent of its own resources to research instead of medical practice as customary to other hospitals. This openness is motivated by the institution’s commitment to prioritize patients’ welfare and medical advancement. Its efficiency and reputation are carried on to its website. All of its contents are written by resident specialists or guest specialists that are certified to practice their profession. However, even with the personal credentials, content contributors refer to certified research whenever possible. Site Objectives The site serves two purposes. First, it is a business platform as it allows patients and other possible partners to look for specialists, discover studies and researchers being pursued by mayo clinic. It also aims t o educate the mass market by publishing, through its newsroom, articles by affiliate doctors and specialists. It also links to different researchers that are internationally accepted. Topics cover anything from cancer research progress to diet and nutrition. The site has four major target markets: (1) Patients, (2) Doctors, (3) Medical Practitioners, and (4) Academe and researchers. Contents for each section are written by employees/practitioners of Mayo Clinic and approved by the same people who run the clinic. Each market segment is allotted their own section which makes navigation easier and efficient. Content Providers Mayo Clinic contents come from different doctors, research institutions, and other kinds of a medical practitioner. Published articles range from simple diet tips to maximize the health benefits of different food groups to breakthrough genetic research. Each article is written by authorities in the field. Most often, medical related articles are authored by reside nt doctors. Their contents are also continued, duplicated or expounded on Mayo Clinic’s monthly newsletter providing a more reliable and qualified reference. They also publish simplified versions of new researchers and finding. Quality of Contents Opinions and Substantiations Mayo Clinic articles are always, at the very least, written by certified doctors or practitioners in various medical fields. The author is always someone considered qualified to talk about the subject at hand. The contents are written with the same efficiency and dignity as its medical practice. Each recommendation is properly supported and balanced. The voice and opinion of the authors, however, are not compromised. Like many disciplines, medical recommendations are also dependent on a doctor’s opinion. For example, two doctors might differ on what diet to recommend a certain patient. Some doctors recommend raw food diet while others believe a balance of fiber and protein is better. Occurrences l ike this happen on the site and it is expected. Like any professionally written articles, all claims are properly substantiated. Maintenance Mayo Clinic is one of the well-maintained websites. Links work and dated information are not taken down but it has a clear tag that indicates it is an old information but is kept online as a reference.

Advertising S.C.O.R.E Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertising S.C.O.R.E - Essay Example By using black and white, terrible imagery with savage people fighting to get a bite of the apple, 5 Seeds shows how it can transform people in a variety of different ways. The simple goal of the advertisement is to make sure people identify with natural ingredients and the benefits to the body and mind. The ad is creative with its use of black and white and then a transformation into colour to show how simple ingredients like the apple manage to create a better environment and a happier person. It has impact because the whole idea of Adam and Eve was that they were misled by nature in the biblical story and told not to eat the apple, even though they wanted it very badly. By showing ancient people in dark and frightening environments and then transforming the background into a more civil and inviting colour scheme, it shows that the natural ingredients in 5 Seeds have benefits in many different ways. The creativity comes in not only the colour scheme, but by using age-old concepts (Adam and Eve) to give the drink a more modern view regarding health and mental well-being. Creativity is also noticeable with the crows that seem to be protecting the apple as a means to preserve their own food sources. It shows that these ingredients are even important to animals, however people are the winners in the struggle and are clearly made better for it. When the Eve character puts her very life out on the limb just to get a single bite, it tells the consumer that they should actively seek 5 Seeds because it is made from the most quality ingredients on Earth. The originality of the advertisement comes in how it transforms evil surroundings into more beautiful surroundings, giving consumers a kind of story that peaks their interest. 5 Seeds has many competitors and it would be difficult to differentiate the product from other similar products on the drink market. Therefore, in order to make the advertisement stand out competitively, they use imagery

Responses to DQ1Selling ReceivableDW and DQ2 Use of Depreciation CH Essay

Responses to DQ1Selling ReceivableDW and DQ2 Use of Depreciation CH - Essay Example The mechanism of factoring is a good way for companies to improve their liquidity and cash position. DQ2 Your premise that depreciation is a technique that is used to devalue an asset instead of being a method for asset valuation is completely correct. When I first read the message of the president of Keene Company I thought, â€Å"Where did this guy go to business school†. The premise the person stated is illogical. The person is mixing accounting concepts. Depreciation only has one purpose which is to devalue an asset through the passage of time. As you stated in your response book value and market values are different. There are different methods of depreciation that can be used by an accountant. Four depreciation methods are declining balance, sum of year digits, straight line, and the modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS) (Fixedassetssoftware, 2011). The MACRS method is an accelerated depreciation method that is used of assets that lose value fast such as comp uters. References Besley, S., Brigham, E. (2000). Essentials of Managerial Finance (12th ed.). Fort Worth: The Dryden Press. Fixedassetssoftware.com (2011). Depreciation Methods. Paragon Systems.

Good vs evil in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Good vs evil in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay The play Macbeth is a very tragic one. It is about the downfall of a hero who is led by temptation to mass murder and cruelty. Shakespeare uses various styles and techniques to display very evidently how Macbeths character develops as the story progresses, and thus we see how Macbeth turns from good to evil, from a valiant cousin and worthy gentleman to a bloody butcher. The play tells the story of how a noble warrior, Macbeth, descends into evil after meeting with three witches supernatural beings who prophesy Macbeths destiny. He is told he will become King of Scotland, and this idea of gaining power leads him to murder the king, take his throne and then continue his murder spree on seemingly whoever he feels like. Eventually Macbeth is slain and order is restored in Scotland. From the very start we have progressively come to abhor Macbeth, however, we cannot help but feel a certain admiration for him. But much more we have a sense of irony and waste: irony because some sterling qualities have been put to such evil use, waste because Macbeth was a potentially great man who was lost. . Macbeth is a play concerned wholly with the battle between good and evil throughout the play we continually see signs of a supernatural struggle between the two, with evil winning over good when Macbeth murders the king, but then good finally defeating evil when Macbeth is slain. In fact, in the very opening scene we see signs of supernatural happenings and evil the witches: Fair is foul and foul is fair; Hover through the fog and filthy air Here we see that, to the witches, what is evil is good (foul is fair) and what is good they find repulsive (fair is foul). This seems to be their attitude to life, but it could also be a warning to the audience that things to follow are not what they might seem. The first we hear of Macbeth is with praises to his name. He is called brave Macbeth, valiant cousin and worthy gentleman, fighting a war for God, king and country. For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked with bloody execution However, it is in scene III that good and evil collide, when Macbeth meets with the witches. Some say that this is the beginning of Macbeths downfall, as in his first soliloquy he has already thought of the idea of murdering his king. This small seed planted in his mind will soon sprout and he will indeed commit treason. Already, the audience loses their adoration for Macbeth as we see his mental frailty and evil intention. The question at hand is what Macbeth should do; is he determined on evil intent or is divine intervention the answer? He contemplates this, and decides that it is not worthwhile to throw everything away for one guilty conscience, instead the solution is murder. We are soon introduced to Lady Macbeth, and it becomes clear that she is the ambition, the driving force, behind her husband. To Lady Macbeth, her husband is brave, loving, ambitious yet he is too noble to fulfil the third prophesy. Lady Macbeth then calls upon evil spirits to make her ruthless so she can kill Duncan. Come you spirits, That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the top toe-full Of direst cruelty; make thick my blood. After reading the letter, she already has a plan brewing. However, she fears Macbeths nature. yet I do fear thy nature, it is too full othmilk of human kindness, Thou wouldst be great, Art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it, What thou wouldst highly, that wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false, And yet wouldst wrongly win. The planning of the murder of Duncan is one of the most important sections of this tragedy. Here we see a conflict in Macbeths character, one side wants him to commit the murder, while the other wants to let fate take its course. In a way it is due to his wife that Macbeth is finally persuaded into committing treason. This shows one of the flaws in his character, which Shakespeare exposes. A while after Macbeth has certain misgivings about the affair. In his mind he argues out the advantages and disadvantages. The good side of him says that hes here in double trust I am his kinsman and subject, as his host who should against his murderers shut the door, not bear the knife myself. The more cunning party says that his virtues will plead like angels trumpet-tongued against the deep-damnation of his taking off, but only vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself and falls on the other,twere well it were done quickly, but this blow might be and the end all here, bloody instructions, which being taught, return to plague th inventor. Yet he cannot maintain this spark of morality as, under the influence of his wife he commits treachery. After the murder Macbeth experienced remorse, guilt and regret, still revealing his nobility. I am afraid to think what I have done he says. He is troubled by his conscience, he realizes that he is cut off from heaven. He is in fact so hampered in his actions by the conflict between his knowledge that he has committed the crime and his abhorrence of it, that he becomes immobile. Macbeths evil is so great that he cannot even say amen to his prayer ,I could not say amen. By now he realizes he is too deep into his acts of violence to turn back. Macbeth has confused the values of good and evil. That is, he has confused fair and foul, which confusion has all along been the devils aim. Macbeth has completely committed himself to evil. Macbeth still thinks of himself as a man, and as such would rather die than suffer the indignity of being baited with the rabbles curse. This feeling in him reminds us of the worthy Macbeth at the beginning of the play. We also see that he still has the courage to act on his convictions, desperate though that courage may be. For he knows now that he must die. He fights as a man. Macduff and Macbeth fight which signifies the ever on-going battle between good and evil. Eventually Macbeth is slain and the evil has been stopped in Scotland good has triumphed, as Malcom is crowned the new King.

Torsional, Axial and Lateral Bottom Hole Assembly Vibrations

Torsional, Axial and Lateral Bottom Hole Assembly Vibrations Experimental investigation of torsional, axial and lateral bottom hole assembly vibrations 1. Introduction Introduction The oil and gas industry is one of the largest and the most globalized industry in the world. Petroleum products include plastics, fuels, ointments and many more. With increases in world population, consumption and demand of petroleum products have increased. Primarily petroleum products are used as energy sources. With an increase in demand, different, unconventional sources are being explored. Drilling in itself is a complex process due to the unknown formations in the earth. A hole is drilled in the earth with a bit, and tubulars are attached to it to provide axial force and rotation. The tubulars are hollow through which the drilling fluid is circulated to extract the cut rock. Once the hole is drilled, the bit and tubulars are taken out, and a larger tubular is pushed down the hole and cemented around the annulus to stop the hole from caving in. The process is the same as drilling a water well but with greater depth, pressures, temperatures and complexities. Some of the oil and gas sources are too deep or too complex to be explored, but with advanced technological development in drilling, extended reach, multilateral and horizontal wells, it is now possible to extract unconventional oil and gas. Vibrations When an entity oscillates around its equilibrium point, the entity is said to be in vibration. In most of the cases vibrations are undesirable, as they cause harm to the system and dissipate energy. When force or energy is imparted to a system, vibrations occur. In absence of external excitation, the vibrations are called free vibrations. Systems in state of free vibrations oscillate with natural frequencies, which are dependent on the properties of system. With the presence of external excitation, vibrations experienced by the system are called forced vibrations. Vibrations become increasingly large and are most damaging when the excitation frequency is close to one of the natural frequencies. This phenomenon is called resonance. When there is an energy dissipation from the system in terms of heat, sound, friction or any other method, the resulting vibrations are called damped vibrations. The drillstring assembly is a very long, slender system prone to excessive vibration due to the various forces acting on it. Primary forces on the BHA are torque due to rotation and bit rock interaction, axial forces due to gravity and lateral forces due to bending of the long pipe and hitting the walls of the borehole. Types of Drillstring Vibrations Drillstring vibrations are categorized based on the forces acting on it, which are Torsional, Axial and Lateral forces. These forces correspond to the three types of vibration: 1) Torsional vibrations, 2) Axial vibrations and 3) Lateral vibrations. Torsional Vibrations: Drillstring is rotated from the surface to provide torque or shear force to cut the rock. 3. Experimental Setup A lab-scale drilling rig was constructed for the purpose of competing in Drillbotics International Student Competition. OU Drillbotics team participated and won the competition in 2015. The budget restrictions limited the quality and quantity of sensors mounted on the rig. The rig was upgraded in 2016 with the additional budget. The following sections describe the rig setup and sensors installed, dividing them based on the systems: (i) Rig Structure, (ii) Hoisting System, (iii) Rotary System, (iv) Circulation System, (v) Measurement, Instrumentation and Control System and (vi) Drillstring Assembly. Rig Structure Rig Structure consists of three major parts: substructure, mast and travelling block. Rig Substructure In-house built structures have been found to be significantly cheaper than readymade structures in the market. Moreover, the former provides flexibility in the selection of dimensions, load ratings and design styles. This substructure was designed to pass through doors, so the rig could be used for future educational purposes. The rig substructure was constructed using 1ÂÂ ½ square-iron tubing with overall dimensions of 84 x 27 x 36. To allow rig mobility, five commercial grade caster wheels were installed, each with load capacity of 1000 lbs. A 47 x 27 shelf made of ÂÂ ¼ thick iron sheet was added for installation of circulation system and electrical box. This left the rig with a space of 37 x 27 x 36 to accommodate the rock sample. 3.1.2 Mast A mast of cantilever design was constructed out of Aluminium, as shown in Fig. 3.1. Figure 3.1: Rig mast laid down on the substructure top Constructing the mast with aluminium reduced the weight by 2.5 times to that made by steel. A 10-inch-wide C-Channel was supported by two 90 angle bars. The base was attached to the table with hinges for reclining and easy transport of the rig. 3.1.3 Travelling Block The travelling block slides on a pair of linear guide rails attached to the mast. Linear roller bearings or pillow blocks attached to the back of the travelling block provide near smooth motion. Two horizontal plates were bolted on the vertical plate. The upper plate acted as a mount for the AC motor and lower plate supported the swivel. A torque sensor was placed in between motor shaft and swivel. The total weight of the travelling block was measured to be 77.72 lbs. Figure 3.2: Travelling Block Assembly 3.2 Hoisting System Hoisting system components include a double acting air cylinder, pneumatic lines, a couple of pneumatic convertors (Fig. A.1 and Fig. A.2) and a compressed air supply line. Regulated compressed air-line up to 130 psi was hooked up to the pneumatic convertors. Two pneumatic lines from the convertors of maximum capacity 120 psi controlled the air flow and connected to the inlet ports of the dual acting piston. Dual acting air piston has a 1.125 inch bore and a 36-inch stroke length. The system has a capacity to hoist a load of 119.28 lbs. 3.3 Rotary System A top drive system was installed with a 1 HP motor and a maximum RPM of 1170 on the motor mount of the travelling block. The motor shaft is connected to the omega torque sensor via a spring coupling. The torque sensor has a rotating shaft to shaft configuration with an operating speed of 5000 RPM. The torque sensor is connected to the swivel via another spring coupling. The swivel was designed and fabricated in-house with pressure rating of 300 psi and brass outer body for corrosion resistance. The chrome plated rod is wear-resistant to the abrasion of the seals. Swivel rod is attached to an adapter at the base of the bottom plate. A four bolt flange mounted ball bearing prevents any load from being transmitted to the rotary assembly. 3.4 Circulation System It is important to remove cuttings from the hole to drill further ahead. To accomplish this, water, oil and foam based drilling fluids were taken into consideration. Water from the city line without any additives was chosen as drilling fluid after taking cost of a closed loop system for recirculation and cost of additives and base fluids into account. It was also assumed that the effect of drilling fluid on drillstring vibrations was negligible. A roller pump with a pressure rating of 300 psi was installed to circulate the water down the drillstring assembly. A 1.5 HP 3-phase motor powers the pump. The Omega digital display flow meter, which was installed after the pump, can monitor flowrate up to 15 GPM. Pressure monitoring is done by a pressure transducer of rating 500 psi. Pressure fluctuation of up to 50 psi was observed due to intermittent flow supplied by the roller pump. A pressure dampener was built with spare couplings and installed upstream to the flow meter. This provided smooth and stable flow. An analog pressure gauge was mounted atop the dampener to monitor fluctuation. Rubber hose with a pressure rating of 300 psi connects the flow meter with the swivel. Drilling fluid from the swivel then flows into the drillstring and comes out of the bit nozzles and out of the hole through the annulus. As the drilling fluid is just water, it is passed down the sewer line along with the cuttings and not recirculated. 3.5 Measurement, Instrumentation and Control System The Measurement, Instrumentation and Control system is the most important system in the automated rig. The sensors are mounted on the rig at various places for different functions. They provide analog data to the data acquisition module Omega DAQ-3001. An electrical box is mounted at the bottom shelf for shielding the card and other signal conditioners from electrical interference. The data from the DAQ module transfers into the desktop computer, which is installed on the rig structure for control of the automated rig and storage and display of data. Excel-based VBA program is used for the operation of the rig. 3.5.1 Measurement Sensors Following are the sensors installed on the rig to monitor performance of the rig and drilling process. 3.5.1.1 Displacement Laser Sensor An aluminum strip is attached to the top of the travelling block with a reflective tape stuck on it. A Banner laser sensor is mounted about 0.5 inches above the travelling block on the mast. It can measure maximum displacement up to 3.93 inches with an accuracy between 0.019 inch to 0.039 inch. 3.5.1.2 Lateral Vibration Laser Sensor To measure lateral vibrations of the drillstring, an xyz laser sensor is used. It can measure distance from 1.57 inch to 6.29 inch with an accuracy of less than 20 micrometer. The sensor was earlier mounted on an aluminium plate attached to the travelling assembly. But the strip was long and excessive vibrations due to bit rock interaction caused the strip to vibrate at high amplitude, providing inconclusive and erroneous data. Hence the mounting structure was made of a square iron tubing to give a sturdier structure. The vibration amplitude was then reduced and could be observed only at excessive vibrations due to higher RPM and WOB. 3.5.1.3 Optical RPM Sensor An LED-based, reflective type optical RPM sensor, which can measure up to 15000 RPM, is mounted on the cage of swivel. Reflective tape is stuck on the spring coupling between the swivel and torque sensor. The sensor is mounted at an angle so that the reflective area increases for better measurement. 3.5.1.4 Torque Sensor It is assumed that torque measured by the torque sensor is the torque due to bit-rock interaction. An Omega rotating shaft to shaft torque sensor has been mounted above the swivel with a torque rating of 64 inch-pounds. 3.5.1.5 Axial Vibration Sensor An axial vibration senor is installed at the bottom plate of the travelling block adjacent to the flange mounted ball bearing. The VBT-1 vibration sensor has a micro-electro-mechanical system which sends a voltage proportional to the vibration velocity to the data acquisition module. It measures vibration velocity from 0-25 mm/sec. 3.6 Drillstring Assembly The drillstring assembly comprises of 3 parts, Aluminum pipe, bit sub and bit. The pipe is made of Aluminum 6061 with an OD of 0.375 inch and a thickness of 0.035 inch. Both ends of the pipe have 3/8 NPT male compression fittings attached on it. It is connected on one end to 3/8 NPT female brass adapter which is connected to the swivel rod and other end is connected to 3/8 NPT female bitsub. The bit sub is made out of stainless steel for corrosion resistance. It has 3/8 female NPT threads on both ends. A roller sleeve with OD of 1.1 inch and ID of 0.9 inch is slide upon the bit sub to act as a stabilizer and provide smooth rotation. It has a counter bore to place constriction of various sizes to change pressure drop in the system. The bit is fabricated in house using stainless steel round bar and machined to replicate the baker huges bit provided for the competition. The cutters were bought from vendors and the OD of the cutters available was 0.5 inch. They are made out of carbide as opposed to the diamond cutters provided and also wears down faster. The cutters are screwed on the cutter faces and are replaceable. 4. Methodology This chapter describes the procedure of the experiments performed and the data collected. It also talks about some assumptions, sensor calibration and data analysis. 4.1 Experimental Procedure The rig and all its components are powered on and the Excel program initiated. The program has a separate sheet which takes the variables of the experimental run as an input. The only variables changed for the set of experiments are RPM and WOB. Another variable, which is the height at which the string starts to rotate was also been varied but it did not have any effect on the data. A pilot hole of 1.25-inch diameter and 1-inch depth was drilled into the rock sample using a coring bit and hammer-chisel to insert a guide shoe in the hole. The 6-inch long guide shoe acted as a borehole wall and prevented bit walking. Using a level indicator, the rock sample was adjusted to be horizontal. The drillstring was the attached to the swivel adapter and rig was then slid over the rock to align the drillstring and the guide shoe. Using the leveling screws the rig was jacked up to be horizontal. The inlet air pressure line and water line were opened up. Once all experimental variables were set, the program was initiated using the Start button. The first step of the program was to hoist the travelling block to the topmost position. At this point a safety bar used to keep the travelling block hoisted was taken away. The travelling block slowly lowered down and once the bit was inside the guide shoe, top-drive motor and pump motor got activated and string started to rotate along with water pressurized inside the pipe. The bit gradually touched the rock and drilling process began. A trial run was carried out to check if the systems were working properly and data was being collected. A couple of millimeters were drilled during the trial run so that the hole got initiated. After a trial run, experimental runs were carried out. Each experiment was run for 6 min and stopped using the Stop button in the program. The pump stopped pumping fluid and drillstring stopped rotation. Travelling block was gradually lifted up to the topmost position. After that new experimental variables were set and the next run was carried out. Experiments were performed on 2 different rock samples. First set on a very hard and compacted sandstone and the other on a very soft unconsolidated sandstone. UCS of the hard sandstone ranged from 6000 to 9500 psi while UCS for the soft sandstone ranged from 2000 to 5000 psi. 4.2 Data, Collection and Analysis Data was continuously collected by Omega data acquisition system module and stored in an excel sheet. The data of interest were WOB, RPM, Torque, Axial Vibrations, Lateral Vibrations and ROP. Different plots were generated against variables of interest to observe dependency and behavior of the variable under investigation. 4.2.1 WOB and RPM Data WOB is an independent variable with respect to our investigation. WOB was measured using a load cell attached to the back travelling block connecting the piston. The calibration of WOB was carried out in the following procedure. The rig was slid on a weighing scale. A set number of values were entered for voltage sent to the bottom pneumatic convertors. A constant voltage of 2 volts was sent to the top pneumatic convertor to provide a constant pressure of 20 psi resistance against erratic bouncing and to provide a constant friction between piston and cylinder walls in either direction. Reading on the weighing scale was recoded as WOB. Initially the WOB calibration was performed in a static condition. It was observed that WOB reading during the experiment was different than the expected values based on calibration. It was assumed that the change of conditions from static to dynamic was the cause of difference. Hence to simulate dynamic conditions while calibration, rig was constantly hammered down with a mallet to cause the rig to vibrate and negate static friction. The stabilized reading on the scale was used for calibration. But hammering still did not replicate the vibrations happening during the drilling process and hence the WOB measurement by the load cell was different from expected based on the calibration. Hence average value of the WOB was calculated for complete experimental run and considered as the WOB which is being exerted on the rock for cutting process. The average WOB observed had a change of 19.9 % to -20.6 % from the expected input values. In actual drilling process, the WOB is never constant. As the drilling proceeds the WOB decreases and driller lowers the drill string to increase and maintain the set WOB. Hence a ÂÂ ± 20 % change from the set point is acceptable. RPM data was obtained from the optical RPM sensor which was calibrated using a handheld RPM sensor. At lower RPM the error was around 8 % and at higher RPM it lowered down to 0.5 %. So at lower levels the set point was decreased by 4 to compensate for the error. 4.2.2 Torque, Axial and Lateral Vibration Data A rotating shaft to shaft torque sensor was placed in between the motor and swivel with a spring coupling on each end. Torque was calibrated using a torque wrench. When run at idle conditions without any drilling action, torque reading obtained was assumed to be friction. That extra torque of 1.114 inch pounds was assumed to be a side force or the friction inside the swivel and other rotating parts such as the flange mounted ball bearing. A laser displacement senor was attached to the mast to detect the magnitude of lateral vibrations. It was aimed at the center of the drillstring such the pipe was always in range of the laser. The laser sensor was kept 4 inches away from the center of pipe. NPT connections are inherently non concentric and causes non-alignment of pipe. The pipe wobbled due to non-alignment and it oscillated far and near to the sensor. Hence there was a negative and a positive value for displacement. The most negative value of the displacement was used as a reference zero and complete data was shifted towards positive with -0.24165 inch as a reference zero. Greater the magnitude, pipe travelled farther away from the sensor indicating higher lateral vibrations. An axial vibration sensor was attached to the bottom plate of the travelling block. It had micro-electro-mechanical system inside to detect the vibration speed and send a proportional voltage signal for measurement. The sensor came calibrated from the manufacturer and it had a direct vibration-velocity to voltage relationship provided by the manufacturer. 4.2.3 ROP data ROP was directly calculated by the program by dividing the depth drilled by the time it took to drill and stored in the Excel sheet. As the Hard sandstone was difficult to drill the sensor could not measure any significant change in drilled depth along with the vibrations of the assembly and the error in measurement. Hence ROP data for Hard sandstone is not taken into consideration. Soft sandstone data was collected and analyzed for effect of vibrations and other parameters. 4.3 Data Analysis Data was collected from the point where the bit touches the rock to the point when the program was stopped. All experiments were run for 6 minutes in which an average of 100 data points were collected in an excel sheet. An average of those data was calculated and stored. Average values of torque, axial vibrations and lateral vibrations were plotted against RPM and WOB separately. A trend of data was analyzed based on the plots. With increase of RPM, change of torque, axial and lateral vibration was observed. Same practice was carried out for WOB. The plots are shown in Appendix B. 5. Results and Discussions Torsional Vibrations Hard Sandstone: Looking at the plots (Fig. 5.1), with an increase in RPM at constant WOB, torque gradually increases. At around 300 RPM, there is a sudden increase in some cases which then decreases. This behavior is unexpected and no conclusion has been found for the reason for the abnormality. It can be assumed that there would be some abnormally hard layer during drilling due to which such an increase is observed as no such trend was observed in the uniform soft sandstone. But general trend is a gradual increase in torque with an increase of RPM at constant WOB. No oscillation of torque was observed indicating absence of stick-slip. Figure 5.1: Torque vs. RPM plot at constant WOB for experiments on hard sandstone At constant RPM, with increase in WOB there is a gradual increase in torque (Fig. 5.2). No specific trend for RPM is observed as some of the low RPM cases also have higher torque than high RPM cases. Figure 5.2: Torque vs. WOB plot at constant RPM for experiments on hard sandstone Soft sandstone: Observing the plot for soft sandstone (Fig. 5.3), a gradual increase in torque was observed with increase in ROM at constant WOB. No oscillation of torque was observed indicating absence of stick-slip. Figure 5.3: Torque vs. RPM plot at constant WOB for experiments on soft sandstone There is a clear and distinct trend for increase in torque with increase in WOB at constant RPM (Fig. 5.4). Figure 5.4: Torque vs. WOB plot at constant RPM for experiments on soft sandstone Lateral Vibrations Hard Sandstone: Plot (Fig. 5.5) shows that there is a gradual increase of torque with increase in RPM at constant WOB. Figure 5.5: Lateral Vibrations vs. RPM plot at constant WOB for experiments on hard sandstone No general trend is observed for initial low WOB experiments (Fig. 5.6). With increase in WOB the lateral vibrations decreased in low RPM case and increased in high RPM cases. Figure 5.6: Lateral Vibrations vs. WOB plot at constant RPM for experiments on hard sandstone Soft sandstone: There is a general trend of increase of lateral vibrations with increase in RPM (Fig. 5.7) but it is not as significant as in hard sandstone. Figure 5.7: Lateral Vibrations vs. RPM plot at constant WOB for experiments on soft sandstone The data is too scattered to find a general trend for effect of WOB on lateral vibrations at constant RPM (Fig. 5.8). However, the trend at higher WOB shows a decrease in lateral vibrations. This can be attributed to the stiffening of the pipe due to higher axial load OR the pipe is bent and misaligned is making it bend more on the sensor side decreasing the deflection. Figure 5.8: Lateral Vibrations vs. WOB plot at constant RPM for experiments on soft sandstone Axial Vibrations Hard Sandstone: Axial vibrations follow a similar trend to torque (Fig. 5.9). With an increase in RPM, axial vibrations increased. Similar to the trend for torque, some cases have abnormally high vibration magnitude at 300 RPM which can be attributed to abnormally hard layer of formation. Figure 5.9: Axial Vibrations vs. RPM plot at constant WOB for experiments on hard sandstone Following the general trend axial vibrations increased with an increase in WOB at constant RPM (Fig. 5.10). Figure 5.10: Axial Vibrations vs. WOB plot at constant RPM for experiments on hard sandstone Soft sandstone: With increase in RPM, axial vibrations increased (Fig. 5.11). However for soft sandstone the trend do not resemble the trend in torque. In fact, it resembles more to the trend in ROP (Fig. B.10). There is a sudden increase in axial vibrations at 700 rpm and then it decreases gradually. Figure 5.11: Axial Vibrations vs. RPM plot at constant WOB for experiments on soft sandstone The data is too scattered to find a general trend for relationship between WOB and axial vibrations (Fig. 5.12). Figure 5.12: Axial Vibrations vs. WOB plot at constant RPM for experiments on soft sandstone 5.4 Effect on ROP Hard Sandstone: No significant data available for any analysis. Soft sandstone: ROP increases with an increase in RPM at constant WOB (Fig. 5.13). It peaks at around 700 RPM and then it decreases. Figure 5.13: ROP vs. RPM plot at constant WOB for experiments on soft sandstone At higher RPM, higher WOB has an increased effect on ROP (Fig. 5.14). But no dependence of WOB can be seen at lower values of RPM. Figure 5.14: ROP vs. WOB plot at constant RPM for experiments on soft sandstone 6. Conclusions and Recommendations Conclusions At constant WOB, with increase in RPM, increase in lateral vibrations in hard sandstone is higher than in soft sandstone which indicates that lateral vibrations also depend on type of formation. Axial vibrations are highly dependent on torque. No matter what RPM, WOB or the formation type is taken into account if there a change in torque, corresponding change will be observed in axial vibrations. WOB has less effect on excitation of axial vibrations in soft rocks and more effect in hard rocks. Hence the setpoint WOB should be decreased for drilling into hard rocks. RPM of 700 is the highest RPM which can be used to obtain highest ROP without taking the increased vibrations into account. Increase of RPM further lowers the ROP which can be attributed to such increased vibrations and velocities that the bit does not get enough time to contact and drag the rock surface. 6.2 Recommendations and Future Work Although the design of the rig was optimized, there is always room for improvement. With an increase in budget and limited design constraints, the rig can be constructed better. Following are the recommendations for upgrading the rig. The software program used for the control algorithm can be upgraded to Labview or Dasylab which are more user friendly for programming the automation and control architechture. Using Labview or Dasy lab will allow to operate on a faster computer with a recent operating system which will help in faster data collection and storage. A vibrating element can be attached to the travelling block when WOB calibration is performed so that error due to change in friction values can be negated. The spring couplings attached to the torque can be upgraded with a higher torque rating to prevent failure at higher vibrations. A stable support structure for the torque sensor and laser deflection sensor can be provided. If the bit can be obtained or manufactured with diamond coated cutters, then a set of experiments can be designed where relationship could be examined between RPM, WOB and the depth of cut. Forward and backward whirl characterization experiments could be performed with improved sensors for detection of whirl rates. Hammering action can be included in the drilling action and its effect on ROP, lateral vibrations, torque and axial vibrations could be analyzed. References Braun, Simon G. Ewins, David J. Rao, Singiresu S.. (2002). Encyclopedia of Vibration, Volumes 1-