Fascism Essay -- essays research papers

On the 23 March 1919 after a series of Communist demonstrations, the almost forgotten Mussolini decided to attempt to revive his Fasci movement. A meeting was held in a hall in a Milan and was attended by some fifty malcontents. From this seemingly small and insignificant event the Fascio di Combattimento' (Combat Group) was born. Initially, it would seem that the Fasci were destined for failure with none of their candidates (including Mussolini) winning a single seat in the 1919 elections. How was it that a party with no clear programme, save a belief in action of some sort, became a ruling dictatorship little more than ten years later? By the end of 1919, Mussolini possessed hardly more than 2% of the vote in Milan, less than 5000 votes against 170,000 for the Socialists. Was this a complete disaster? At the time it seemed so; the Socialists were so confident of their success that they staged a mock funeral in Milan stopping outside Mussolini's house to invite him to attend the burial of his party. Incredibly, by 1921 the membership of this previously tiny group was to rival the size of the Socialists. How was this achieved? It was certainly by no easy means; Mussolini's skill and luck played a vital role, but he was also helped by the seemingly blind incompetence of his opponents. Mussolini's path towards the top of Italian Government was hindered by many forms of opposition. However, most of his opposition came from the Government and the rival Socialist (PSI) party. Soon after the summer of 1920 the Fascists and their opposition inevitably clashed. The fact that Gioletti's government was faced with  « million workers sitting in in factories showed that Italy was a far from stable country in 1920. Did an opportunity present itself for Mussolini to gain ground over the Socialist opposition? If it did, Mussolini certainly did not take it. He was still recovering from his party's humiliating election defeat. Eventually the union leaders, evidently surprised by this sudden, spontaneous revolutionary outburst persuaded the workers to give in in return for higher wages. Although initially it would seem that the workers had won, the strikes had sown the seeds of fear amongst Italy's Socialist opposition. The overall effect of this was that many of the opponents of Socialism joined Mussolini's Fascist' party. The Socialist party by... ...ht home the importance of opportunism and action as opposed to inactivity and fixed ideologies. As S. Lee argues, Mussolini was strongly inclined to intuitive behaviour and projected himself as a flexible pragmatist. This allowed him to make full use of the chaotic conditions in Italy, and considerably increased the Fascist party's fortunes. However, we must also consider that to a certain extent, the opposition's continued failures and misjudgments almost pushed Mussolini into power. We must also take account of the fact that Mussolini certainly had his fair share of luck - a prime example is the King's refusal to declare a state of emergency, which would have allowed the army to attack the Fascists. However, it was his ability to act out the role of the Italian people's dream leader that gave him the most success. He played upon the post-war crisis, and made it appear that Fascism was the only way in which socialism would be smashed, and Italy's society and status would be rebuilt. To the Italian people, Mussolini was the great leader they had been desperately searching for - the leader who was going to make Italy a great power, and a respected force in the world.

Iago’s Use of Language and Villainous Behavior in Shakespeare’s Othello

Iago’s Use of Language and Villainous Behavior in Shakespeare’s Othello In Othello, Shakespeare forms the villainous character, Iago through his complex language. Iago shows his evil nature towards Roderigo through his use of demeaning animal imagery. Iago also uses an extended metaphor to try and trick the ignorant Roderigo and (unknowingly to Roderigo), insults him. Lastly, Iago uses repetition to beguile Roderigo to keep paying him. Iago’s slyness is clearly seen through his deceiving language towards the end of Act I. In Act I, scene iii, line 319, Iago addresses the issue of love and lust through an extended metaphor. In this speech, after Roderigo says he wants to kill himself, Iago tries to convince Roderigo not to end his life for a woman. By doing this, he manages to give the impression that he is advising Roderigo, while at the same time insulting him and making him and others part of his plan. Iago states, â€Å"Our bodies are our gardens, to the which our wills are gardeners† suggesting that our will (the â€Å"gardener†) has power over our bodies (â€Å"the garden†). Also...

The Impact of United States Rule on Puerto Rico Essay -- Puerto Rico H

The Impact of United States Rule on Puerto Rico Puerto Rico spent most of its history under the control of Spain. In the year 1898, the islanders wanted their freedom and welcomed the U.S. invaders as their last hope of liberation from Spanish control. The United States brought the promise of democracy to Puerto Rico, but its true intentions did not include letting go of the island. Although the United States claimed that its intentions were to civilize Puerto Rico and help it become a democratic society, its hypocritical manner of dealing with the island had a great impact on Puerto Rican development. The early years of U.S. colonization affected many aspects of Puerto Rico, including economics, politics, and social relations. When the United States first took Puerto Rico from Spain, its plans concerning what to do with the island appeared to be noble. According to Fernandez, "The United States would resurrect Puerto Rico, like Lazurus, creating, in Senator Foraker?s words, ?a new era?a new life?and prosperity far exceeding any hopes that have been excited or any anticipations that have been entertained.?(Fernandez 2)" In other words, the United States viewed Puerto Rico as something that had to be saved, and claimed that their plan was to rescue it from its inferior status and improve the standard of living. Puerto Rico was to remain under the control of the U.S. until it was capable of taking care of itself. In the words of Trà ­as-Monge: Its fundamental tenets would be that the people of Puerto Rico were not ready for self-government; a learning period, of unspecified duration, was necessary before self-government could be extended; the eventual status should be neither statehood nor independence, but a self-governing d... ... Fernandez, Ronald. The Disenchanted Island. (Westport: Praeger Publishers, 1996),1-83. Guerra, Lillian. Popular Expression and National Identity in Puerto Rico: The Struggle for self, Community, and Nation, chs. 2-3 (Gainesville: U Press of Florida, 1998) 45-121. Library of Congress, American Memory Collection, America from the Great Depression to World War II: Photographs from the FSA-OWI, 1935-1945, Interior of shack in hills near Cidra, LC-USF34- 012349-E. http://memory.loc.gov/ Library of Congress, American Memory Collection, America from the Great Depression to World War II: Photographs from the FSA-OWI, 1935-1945, Yabucoa, Puerto Rico. At a strike meeting, LC-USF33- 021478-M5. Trà ­as-Monge, Josà ©. "The Shaping of a Colonial Policy," from Trà ­as-Monge, Puerto Rico:The Trials of the Oldest Colony in the World (New Haven: Yale U Press, 1997)45-121.

An Overview Of Phytoremediation Environmental Sciences Essay

Phytoremediation is a set of inactive engineerings utilizing green workss to take pollutants from the environment largely dirt and land H2O, devouring merely solar-energy. Unique biological mechanisms in workss like their ability to uptake and hive away toxic contaminations, change overing toxic contaminations to less risky substances and the symbiotic association of workss with bugs in their rhizosphere are studied and applied harmonizing to the status of the site to be remediated. Plants are used in such a manner that environmental toxins are removed, degraded or immobilized resulting in healthy country sites for better and more good usage. Proper pick of workss is made. If all of import factors sing the remediative action of workss are kept in head so the debasement or remotion of harmful chemicals from dirt and H2O can be accelerated utilizing any suited method of Phytoremediation. Phytoremediation has ever been an underrated engineering and much attending was n't given to it unt il really late when successful efforts of taking heavy metals ; like arsenous anhydride, nickel, crude oil hydrocarbons, pesticides and other toxic chemicals from dirt and land H2O were reported with the usage of workss. Phytoremediation is the usage of workss to take pollutants from the environment or to covert them to less harmful compounds ( Gleba et al, 1999 ) . Plants are used in such a manner that environmental toxins are removed, degraded or immobilized resulting in healthy country sites for better and more good usage. Combinations of different engineerings are applied for efficiency but the focal point ever remains on speed uping debasement of organic contaminations and on remotion of risky heavy metals in dirt or H2O. The metals targeted in Phytoremediation include lead, Cd, Cr, arsenic and radionuclides ( Raskin et al, 1997 ) . In Phytoremediation the demand to dispose off the transformed stuff to some topographic point else is excavated therefore doing the procedure easier. Phytoremediation can be done at the really site of taint known as in-situ like near the surface soils or in the deep aquifer. The option is that dirt or H2O samples from the country to be treated can be separated and Ph ytoremediation can be applied on them, this is known as ex-situ. Examples of the latter one include extracted ground H2O or surface H2O ( Agarwal, 2005 ) . Now scientists are taking acute involvement in Phytoremediation and to convey in limelight more about this works genetic sciences are besides being taken into history. There is no uncertainty that in approaching old ages Phytoremediation will go one of the most of import of all green engineerings.MECHANISMS OF PHYTOREMEDIATIONPlants carry out Phytoremediation due the many interesting and utile belongingss that they have like the capableness to pull out and concentrate assorted compounds from the environment. Others use the micro-organisms nowadays in Rhizosphere ; zone around the root, to transport out phytoremediative action. Microbial Activity in the root country: Microbes which can take phytoremediative action are present in the rhizosphere. These include both bacteriums and Fungis which make a symbiotic relationship with workss. This mechanism of Phytoremediation is termed as Phytostimulation. Plants secrete particular bio-enhancing compounds into the dirt which stimulate the bioactivity of bugs. These exudations are really a beginning of C and N because they largely include Amino acids, saccharides, polyoses, phenols and flavinoids. They support the growing of bugs that degrade toxic compounds. Root systems besides provide a high O content which enables bugs to boom easy. Fungi and other groups of bugs release extracellular enzymes which besides aid the procedure as Rhizosphere microbic debasement. Pure civilizations of Pseudomonas fluorscens and Chyrsobacterium indologenes found in rhizosphere can degrade mefenoxan, a antifungal to free acid in approx. 54 hours ( Pai et al, 2001 ) . The efficiency of rhizosphere debasement by bugs depends upon the species of workss involved because every works interacts with bugs in its ain manner ( Shaan and Boyle, 1994 ) . Root exudate straight effects the action of bugs on contaminations. If contaminations are ab/adsorbed or uptaken by works roots more, their bioavailability to microbic community lessenings. Wetting agents if added ; increase bioavailability of contaminations to microbes. Alfalfa works was studied in four different control groups: Planted diesel-contaminated and uncontaminated dirt, and Un-planted Diesel contaminated and uncontaminated dirt ( Kim et al, 2006 ) . After a stabilisation clip of 7 hebdomads the remotion efficiency was seen to be 82.5 % in deep-rooted diesel-contaminated pot while in bulk dirt of remainder of the controls it was approx. 59.4 % . Microbial activity additions in contaminated dirt as many dirt bacteriums and hydrocarbon debasers are able to boom. Microbial population is greatly affected by the conta minant itself as compared to the works roots, because the contamination is a nutrient beginning for the bugs. 2. Hyperaccumulation of heavy metals: Some workss take remove toxins expecially heavy metals and metalloids etc from dirt and H2O by uptaking and hive awaying them as in Phytoextraction. This works tissue can be harvested and treated subsequently on by ashing, smelting, drying or composting ( Raskin et al, 1997 ) . Metallic elements can even be recovered from the ash which reduces risky waste and besides gives us a metal resource that can be expeditiously used. Many hyperaccumulating workss frequently do non take up every bit much of the contamination as they can because it is extremely sorbed on the dirt so is non bioavailable to the works root. For illustration Brassica juncea has the familial capableness to roll up lead but it still does non get much lead into its biomass when grown in contaminated dirt. Application of chelating agents like EDTA a few yearss before crop can cut down this job of missing bioavailability. Iron-Chelating compounds like Phytosiderophores can be applied to dirty which can mobilise Cu, Zn and Mn every bit good ( Raskin et al, 1997 ) . Phytochelatins have been observed as efficient chelators of As in Holcus lanatus ( Raab et al, 2004 ) . Biostimulants can merely be added to dirty because they perform the action of both phytosiderophores and phytochelatins. These include humic substances, lactic acid oligomers ( Kinnersley, 1992 ) , reductases released from works roots ( Welch et al, 1992 ) and dirt souring proto ns ( Crowley et al, 1991 ) . Once the metal has been solubilized it is taken up by the roots. Plants have constitutional transporter systems for the ions that it has to take up like sultr 1 ; 2 sulfate transporter for Se or selenate ion. Nonspecific metal ion bearers and channels are present ( Clarkson and Luttge, 1989 ) and the of course needed ions and contaminant metal ions in dirt compete for these channels if they resemble structurally ( Cosio et al, 2003 ) . Apoplastic ( extracellular ) or symplastic ( intracellular tract ) is adopted for the conveyance of metals through the root and into the shoot via the xylem tissue. They travel with the xylem sap towards the foliages and are loaded in the foliages and shoot. Metallic elements may be stored in different types of cells of the foliage like the mesophyll or the cuticular cells. Arabidopsis halleri shops Zn in its mesophyll cells ( Kupper et Al, 2000 ) . The signifier in which the metal is stored besides depends on the works in some instances. Pteris vitatt a conveyances arsenite ion more expeditiously to the fronds than arsenate ion ( Wang et al, 2002 ) . In some instances, while the toxic metals are being transported to the foliages they may be converted to less toxic signifiers by complex formation or transmutation. This falls in the class of phytotransformation. Endogenous works compounds go through chelation with the toxins therefore changing their toxic belongingss. Segregation or storage of metal contaminations largely occurs in the vacuole off from any cellular metabolic tract that it may upset. The metal ions frequently remain in the cell-wall when the metal-ligand complex base on ballss though to come in the works cell because of the negative charges that the cell-wall holds ( Peer et al, 2005 ) . Segregation may happen in different compartments of the cell wall and in the vacuole varying from works to works. For illustration in Pteris vittata Arsenic is sequestered in extra-cellular and sub-cellular compartments while in Hol cus lanatus segregation occurs in vacuole. 3. Absorption of contaminations by works roots: This mechanism of consumption of contaminations in roots is dependent on the high surface country biofiltration system formed by the roots and is really efficient in ab/adsorbing pollutants particularly from H2O. This is frequently termed as Rhizofiltration and is chosen to take toxic contaminations from H2O systems like watercourses or agricultural tally away set up, industrial discharges and atomic wastes etc ( Salt et al, 1998 ) . First of all the workss are given a little sum of the contaminations in order to acclimatize or accommodate them. Once the workss are adapted to that stuff and can absorb it they are transferred to the existent site where they take up every bit much of the contamination as they can. Once the roots are saturated the workss are harvested. Plants with big root country are preferred because the whole procedure is dependent on soaking up and surface assimilation on the roots. There are opportunities that alimentary consumption will be blocked by the metal consumption because both occur through the same way. To extinguish this a ‘feeder bed ‘ is introduced ( Dushenkov et al, 1995 ) . This is an unreal dirt bed a few centimetres deep on which foods and fertilisers are applied. Plants get their nutrient from this bed, while the roots move down farther and make the site of taint excessively. Here they remove the contamination from land H2O and dirt so the two procedures do non halter each other. Many different biological procedures are involved in rhizofiltration like intracellular consumption by roots, deposition of metals in vacuoules, and translocation of metal to shoot. Deposition can happen both inside and outside of cells in the signifier of a dense aggregation, as in the instance of lead which can be seen through microscope ( Malone et al, 1974 ) . Inside the cell it occurs in vacuoles while outside in cell-walls. Lead exists as lead carbon ate in cell-wall ( Kumar et al, 1995 ) and besides binds through anionic binding ( Broyer et al, 1972 ) . It was seen by Salt and his co-workers that aqua-cultured ( grown in aerated H2O ) seedlings showed much better rhizofiltration than roots themselves ( Salt et al, 1997 ) . They called it Blastofiltration. The ground is the invariably increasing surface to volume ratio of the germinating seedlings as they are in a really immature phase of growing. 4. Removal by transition of contaminations into volatile signifier: The procedure in which workss take up contaminations in dissolved signifier with the H2O through their roots from the dirt, transport them to their foliages and so let go of them into the atmosphere via transpiration through their pore is called phytovolatilization. Compounds like Se and quicksilver are volatilized as such or can besides be converted into their biomethylated signifiers to be volatilized as in the Selenium which is foremost converted to dimethylselenide by bugs and algae and so phytovolatilized by works ( Neumann et al, 2003 ) . Brassica juncea has been identified to expeditiously take Se from dirt by volatilization ( Bauelos et al, 1990 and Bauelos et Al, 1993 ) . It was proposed that Se volatilization as methyl selenate is one of the chief mechanisms of its remotion ( Zayed and Terry, 1994 and Terry et Al, 1992 ) . A outstanding research was done in this field utilizing Arabidopsis thaliana which co ntained mercurous ion as HgCl2 ( Rugh et al, 1996 ) . Elemental quicksilver is in liquid signifier and is much more easy volatilized. A cistron coding for mercurous ion reductase was introduced into the works which reduced mercurous ion to elemental quicksilver therefore increasing quicksilver vapor production as compared to normal workss. 5. Immobilization of contaminations at the site: Here contaminations are stabilized by curtailing their motion in dirt. This is done through minimising free dust, by diminishing dirt eroding and cut downing the bioavailability and solubility of contaminations. The add-on of alkalising agents, phosphates, organic affair and bio-solids lessenings the solubility of polluting compounds in the dirt and therefore prevents it from making land H2O. Plants that have high transpiration rate like grasses etc are helpful for phytostabilization because they decrease the sum of land H2O which is taking off or assisting the contaminations mobilise in the dirt ( Suresh and Ravishankar, 2004 ) . Unlike phytoextraction, or hyperaccumulation of metals into shoot or tissues, phytostabilization chiefly focuses on segregation of the metals in the root zone but non in works tissues. Consequently, metals become less bioavailable and injury to livestock, wildlife, and worlds is reduced ( Mendez and Maier, 20 08 ) . It can be applied temporarily to immobilise the contaminations at the topographic point and halt them from distributing in the country. One must at all times be careful of the fact that a reversal of metal immobilisation can happen, with associated unfavourable environmental effects ( Alkorta et al, 2010 ) . Experiments have shown that phytostabilization has been successful in take downing the degree of lead in a sand mixture. Metal leaching or flight is reduced by change overing metals from a soluble oxidization province to an indissoluble oxidization province for illustration the transition of available toxic Chromium IV to unavailable and less-toxic Chromium ( Agarwal, 2005 ) . 6. Conversion of contaminations to less toxic compounds: Contaminants present around the works are degraded into less toxic compounds by the works itself through it enzymatic metamorphosis or the bugs in the rhizosphere carry out this transmutation. The latter instance has already been discussed as rhizosphere microbic debasement. Once the works has taken up the contamination it will hive away it in the vacuole so that its metamorphosis can be done subsequently or it will be converted to Carbon dioxide and H2O and so transpired. A common job is that of pesticides that is sprayed on workss and can go toxic for human ingestion excessively. Atrazine a pesticide is transformed to anneline ( Agarwal, 2005 ) . TCE and other chlorinated dissolvers are transformed to carbon dioxide, H2O and chloride ion ( Peer et al, 2005 ) . Poplars have widely been studied for their phytotransformational belongingss. Ammunition waste like TNT, RDX and HMX are partly transformed by them ( Thompson et al, 20 09 ) . Once the toxic compounds are broken down into smaller constructions, it can be incorporated to organize new works stuff or released as organic dirt constituents. Plants produce enzymes that have active sites that can adhere and move on common organic compounds frequently taken up by workss from dirt or other beginnings. For illustration the organic compound Nitrotoluene is wholly degraded by nitro-reductase and laccase enzyme. Besides aromatic ( cyclic ) compounds even if they are non organic can be acted upon by enzymes like oxido-reductase nowadays in the foliages, roots and roots of workss.DecisionWhile the human race is confronting jobs in economic sector, its jobs are being multiplied by the depletion of natural resources. One of the major reverses being experienced now is environmental debasement which can be fought really efficaciously by the use of workss. This helps in keeping non merely our natural resources of a clean ambiance and dirt but besides lead to a healthy nutrient web. Phytoremediation has successfully given us parts of Earth with lowered degrees of toxic metal contaminations in its dirt. On the other manus the same belongings of workss to roll up metals in them has been utilized to extinguish hint metal lacks in animate beings. Unique set of biological mechanisms of workss are studied and so applied as Phytoremediation. Plants give an consequence which is non merely aesthetically pleasant but helps halt the devastation of environment excessively. Feasibility of the technique being used can be checked by first analyzing the site to be remediated and so make up one's minding what technique ought to be used. This field of biotechnology has opened new doors towards a really bright and promising future-use of workss other than in agribusiness. All of this process is really cheap and this extremely preferred but the drawback is big span of clip required for efficient consumption of heavy metal or any other toxic compound being removed fr om the dirt country or H2O being remediated. Although Phytoremediation, being a non-agricultural usage of workss, may non assist in feeding the hapless portion of the universe but still its application will give a healthy environment assuring a better quality of life.AbbreviationBTEX: Collection of compounds ( Organic pollutants ) ; Benzene, methylbenzene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene EDTA ( chelator ) Ethylene Diamina Tetra-acetic Acid CDTA ( chelator ) Trans-1,2-Cyclohexane diamine Tetra-acetic Acid EDDHA ( chelator ) Ethylene Diamine-N, N'-bis ( 2-Hydroxyphenyl Acetic acid ) Trichloroethylene: Trichloroethylene Trinitrotoluene: 2,4,6- Trinitrotoluene RDX: Research Department Explosive besides called hexogen ; hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine HMX: Nitroamine explosive called Octogen ; octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazocine

Colleges Should or Should Not Offer Online Classes

Nearly 12 million post-secondary students in the United States take some or all of their classes online right now. On the other hand, approximately 15 million students take all of their classes in a physical classroom. (Adkins) What do these number say about an online education? Well, they mean that there are both positive aspects and negative aspects to taking online courses. It turns out that there are many examples of both positive and negative reasons to enroll in or to not to enroll in an online class.Firstly, there are many advantages or reasons why someone would want to take an online course. One of the main reasons people take an online course is for flexibility of time. Flexibility of time corresponds to the online classes being available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, usually. This allows for one to plan their classes around their schedule, rather than their schedule around their classes. For this reason, it is often popular for people who need to work but still want to get a college education. It is also popular for parents who are working or have small children they need to take care of.Another example would be someone who has difficulty waking up for morning classes. Online can be arranged so that you can work at your convenience of time. Another major contributing factor to a positive outlook on online classes is that there are virtually no geographical restrictions. As long as you can put yourself somewhere with Internet access, you can take the course. Along with the ability to be anywhere you want, you can also go nowhere and simply take the class from home. This means the student can save a multitude of time and gas money.A good example of someone who would utilize this would be someone who lives far away from a college, and still wanted to get a degree without having to commute back and forth many miles everyday. Online courses also give a student a larger variety of courses to choose from. If you attend a physical college, a course you might want to take may not be available. With online classes, all you have to do it some online research to find the course you are looking for. In addition to opportunity of a class being offered, there is also the opportunity of getting into a class.With online classes, the spaces offered may be greater because there are no physical limitations of space that may have limited the physical class. In addition to these obvious examples, there are a few subtle things that people may no realize at first about the advantages of online classes. One, for example, is participation. Some students may find it difficult to participate in class and therefore feel less intimidated in an online environment. Equally important for some, perhaps, is that there is no dress code. Unless there is a web cam involved, a student could be in their pajamas or even naked if they wanted to be.On the other hand, there are quite a few disadvantages to taking an online course. One of the main reasons that many people struggle with is the discipline and time management skills. There are usually a few deadlines, but besides that, the students are fully responsible for keeping up with their work and staying to a schedule. Procrastination can be a detrimental factor to failure for some. Self- motivation tends to be a key that some do not possess. Another main problem some students experience is a social problem. In this style of education there is no direct interaction with a professor in person.Some students may be okay with this but many progress and learn better from face-to-face interactions and attention from the teacher. Together with the professor are the fellow pupils that are in the class. Where as some students completely enjoy relaxing and taking a class alone, some find it very lonely and depressing. Classrooms are meant to have a welcoming environment. This environment can often be particularly difficult to replicate online. An important academic reason to perhaps not take an online cl ass is the issue of transferring credits. Some institutions will not take online credit hours.This could obviously make your time spent on taking these courses completely worthless. For this reason, many people do not risk online courses and stick to physical classrooms with a definite reliable credit transfer capability. Finally, along with all of these examples, comes perhaps the most obvious one of all. To take an online course you need to have a computer. This means that the student has to actually be capable of using that computer too. Online courses are designed for ones own pace usually, but the majority of time spent on the task should not be figuring out how to work the computer.A student does not need to be a computer expert, but needs to be computer literate and relatively comfortable with the technology they will be using. The functioning of the computer not only depends on the student’s knowledge and skill, but also depends on the reliability of the computer. The computer is going to need to have at least a decent setup and also probably have a high-speed connection. For most even considering an online education this is usually doable, but it is not always the case.To sum it all up, online courses are a preferential decision based on an individual students research and the college’s interest in such a technique of learning. There are many positive and negative factors a college should consider before deciding to offer or not to offer online classes. The same can said for students deciding whether or not to take online classes. Online classes are a slowly increasing popular way of learning and teaching. The only way that one can decide to provide or take these courses is by looking at the research done and the facts known.

Pulse and Heart Rate Essay

1. Determine your heart rate by taking your radial pulse and then your carotid pulse. What was your heart rate in each instance? For my radial pulse my heart rate was 86 beats per minute. For my carotid pulse my heart rate was 90 beats per minute. Explain which artery you found easier to use and why. The artery that I found easier to use was the carotid artery and my reason for that is because the pulse felt stronger. 2. Which two websites did you use to determine your target heart rate? The two websites I used to determine my target heart are www.active.com/fitness and www.webmd.com/body-bmi-calculator 3. What was your target heart rate zone on each of these websites? Were the zones the same? According to Active.com my target heart rate is between 101-131 beats per minute. Webmd.com determined my target heart rate to be between 101-131 beats per minute. Yes, the heart rate zones were very similar. 4. Do you think the range for your target heart rate zones identified by these websites is reasonable? Why or why not? Yes, I do think that the range of my target heart rate zone is reasonable because my heart rate should be faster when I am exercising. 5. How does understanding your target heart rate zone help you improve your physical fitness? Understanding your target heart rate zone can help improve your physical fitness because it can help you maintain your intensity level when exercising. 6. Describe a physical activity you have done before when you have failed the talk test. What would you change about that activity in order to pass the talk test? One physical activity that I have done before where I had failed the talk test was when I had to swim out to a marking point in a lake. What I would change about that activity so I can pass the talk test is to practice more on my swimming.

Push and Pull Factors in the Tourism Industry Essay

Gogo (formerly known as Aircell), is an innovation company, becoming leaders in providing inflight connectivity. The company began in 1991, when they began creating telephone systems for aircrafts, they progressed from this and in 2006 began creating a broadband network for aircraft. In 2008, they launched this new system into commercial flights and since then they have been offering this service for various American airlines including US Airways, Virgin America and American Airlines (Gogo 2013). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the recent experience of using Gogo Wi-Fi on an American Airlines flight, and investigate the strategy of Gogo, with reference to the innovation dilemmas when creating this new service. The experience occurred on an American Airlines flight from San Francisco to Los Angeles, although the technology had been available for a few years, this was the first time the consumer had experienced Wi-Fi whilst flying. Although the consumer had no need for the Internet on their flight and only purchase it to update their Facebook status, they recognised the benefits of having the internet on long haul flights, this included people being able to check emails and stay in touch with people and it also provides people with the ability to download entertainment from online sources and no longer be limited to the selection provided by the airline. Due to the nature of the Airline industry, at the core level it can be viewed as a generic offering across the industry. This resulting in airlines often creating a differentiation strategy, in order to gain a competitive advantage as they seek to increase the value of the product/service on offer to the consumer (Hooley et al, 2012). The Gogo Company acknowledged that their innovation could provide a service to Airlines that will enable them to differentiate themselves. This can be identified on the Gogo website, as it states ‘By differentiating your airline and providing a memorable passenger experience, you stand to gain loyalty among your valued flyers†¦lets you custom wrap the video portal, so your brand is consistently comes forth whenever passengers are connected’ (Gogo 2013). In 2009, American Airlines announced it would be using Gogo services on their domestic flights, costing the airline $100 000 to install (Semuels, 2009). This therefore shows that American Airlines have recognised the benefits and the increase ticket sales and revenue they could receive by advertising Gogo Internet is now a part of inflight entertainment. When innovation occurs within a company, they must consider the following innovation dilemmas, whether the product or service is a technology push or market pull, product or process innovation, open or closed innovation and finally a technological or business-model innovation. Technology push is when innovation is pushed by technologist or scientist who pass this information onto the company, from there they will manage, promote and distribute this new innovation. This can be compared to market push, this is when companies create innovation based on what the ‘lead users’ are doing in that particular industry (Johnson et al, 2011). One aspect that has enable Gogo to overcome this dilemma, is by listening to what the market wants and ensuring they are up to date with the current market technological tends. Product Innovation is when emphasis on innovation is placed on the finally product, whereas in process innovation is when innovation is focused on the production and distribution (Johnson et al, 2011). At the beginning Gogo was focused on the product innovation, but as the company has grown, they have shifted to process innovation. This can be identified on the Gogo website stating that ‘1 in 4 people consider their laptop, tablet or IPad an essential carry on item’ (Gogo 2013), therefore Gogo has had to ensure its innovation is compatible across the multiple devices. Open innovation is when companies improve their innovation through gaining ideas through internal and external personnel. This can be compared to closed innovation, when innovation is based on internal personnel (Johnson et al, 2011). Gogo tend to go for closed innovation to ensure they remain leaders in the industry however ensuring they are receiving feedback from their clients to ensure they are meeting their needs. Technological or business-model innovation, technological innovation is when innovation is relied on new science or technology, whereas business-model innovation emphasises on creating new models that will bring stakeholders together in a new method (Johnson et al, 2011). Gogo began as a technological innovation, however has become a business-model innovation for companies using Gogo products and service, as it changes the way they sell and promote their airline company. Overall, Gogo are the market leaders and innovators in inflight communications services. And from reviewing the company’s current strategy, it can be recognised that will continue to be market leaders as they are aware of the demands from today’s consumers, and are constantly updating, innovating and meeting these demands. Although by company innovating new products or services, it dose propose the risk of innovation dilemmas, Gogo has proven that they can overcome these dilemmas and continue to lead and grow.